Clinical Studies Investigating Aggressive Behaviors And

调查攻击行为和

• 批准号: 6677073
• 负责人: David T George
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6677073
• 关键词: aggression; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; blood glucose; cerebrospinal fluid; clinical research; dietary carbohydrates; human subject; hypothalamus; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; smoking; substance abuse related behavior; tobacco abuse

Alcoholism is frequently associated with aggressive behaviors, smoking and dietary changes/deficiencies. To explore facets of each of these common co-morbidities, we have initiated several clinical research studies designed to explore their association with the pathophysiology of alcoholism. The aspect of our research related to smoking cessation in recently detoxified alcoholics revealed that smoking alcoholics had significantly lower concentrations of CSF Homovanillic Acid (HVA) compared with non-smoking alcoholics. We also found that there was no significant difference for various measures of alcohol consumption between smoking and non-smoking alcoholics. Unfortunately, plasma cotinine levels revealed that protocol participants were unable to totally refrain from smoking during the course of our study, therefore, we were unable to determine the effects of smoking cessation of CSF HVA concentrations. It has been shown that there is a strong association between alcohol consumption and violent behavior, however, the actual mechanism(s) by which alcohol induces aggressive behavior is poorly understood. Our research initiative to determine if treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor can produce a significant improvement on standardized measures used to quantify aggression in individuals characterized by frequent episodes of domestic violence is currently in progress. To date five subjects have been enrolled in the study. In our 2DG study, sober alcoholics frequently report that they binge on sweets to decrease their desire to drink alcohol. This exaggerated desire for sweets has contributed to the postulate that alcohol consumption is regulated by the same mechanisms that regulate the intake of carbohydrates. To explore this postulate we examined the effects of glucoprivation on carbohydrate consumption in long-term sober alcoholics. Our finding showing that there were no differences in food consumption between alcoholics and healthy volunteers following 2DG stimulus will be published in Alcohol & Alcoholism in 2002. In this study we also found that the alcoholic group had a significantly blunted response in blood glucose. We concluded that the atypical blood glucose response may antedate the onset of alcoholism or it may be secondary to alcohol-related damage that persists beyond six months. Previous accounts of increased sweet consumption in alcoholics were not substantiated, although they may be present during the peri-withdrawal period. In a new area of research that we are about to begin, the literature suggests that alcoholics frequently have disturbances in nutritional intake that may contribute to changes in mood (i.e., depression and hostility) as well as cognition. One possible nutrient that has been implicated in both of these clinical states is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Since chronic alcohol intake depletes DHA from the brain, we designed a study that would allow us to quantify and image the uptake of DHA in the brains of recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy controls. This study is important because there is no methodology currently available that will allow us to assess DHA metabolism in the human brain.

酒精中毒经常与侵略性行为，吸烟和饮食变化/缺乏有关。为了探索这些常见合并症的各个方面，我们启动了几项临床研究，旨在探索它们与酒精中毒的病理生理学的联系。与非吸烟的酒精中毒相比，我们的研究与最近排毒的酗酒者的戒烟有关的研究表明，吸烟的饮酒者的CSF同源酸（HVA）的浓度明显降低。我们还发现，吸烟和不吸烟的酒精饮酒量的各种度量没有显着差异。不幸的是，血浆可替宁水平表明，在研究过程中，方案参与者无法完全避免吸烟，因此，我们无法确定CSF HVA浓度的戒烟的影响。已经表明，酒精消耗与暴力行为之间存在很强的关联，但是，酒精诱导侵略行为的实际机制知之甚少。我们的研究计划旨在确定用5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗是否可以对目前正在进行量化以频繁发生家庭暴力发作为特征的个人的标准化措施进行重大改进。迄今为止，该研究已入学五个主题。在我们的2DG研究中，清醒的酒精饮料经常报告说，他们狂热地减少了喝酒的欲望。这种夸张的对糖果的渴望有助于假设饮酒受到调节碳水化合物摄入的相同机制的调节。为了探索这一假设，我们检查了长期清醒酒精中葡萄糖生产对碳水化合物消费的影响。我们的发现表明，在2DG刺激之后，酒精中毒与健康志愿者之间的食物消费没有差异，将于2002年发表在酒精和酒精中毒中。在这项研究中，我们还发现，酒精类在血糖中的反应显着钝化。我们得出的结论是，非典型的血糖反应可能会抗酒精中毒的发作，或者可能是与酒精相关的损害继发的，而酒精相关的损害持续了六个月。以前关于酗酒者甜食消费量增加的说法尚未得到证实，尽管它们可能在抽奖期间存在。在我们将要开始的新研究领域中，文献表明，酗酒者经常会在营养摄入症中受到干扰，这可能会导致情绪变化（即抑郁和敌意）以及认知。这两个临床状态与这两个临床状态有关的一种可能的营养素是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。由于慢性酒精摄入量从大脑中耗尽了DHA，因此我们设计了一项研究，可以使我们能够量化和成像最近排毒的酒精中毒和健康对照组中DHA的摄取。这项研究很重要，因为目前尚无方法论可以评估人脑中的DHA代谢。