Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Organochlorine Compo

接触有机氯化合物对人类健康的影响

• 批准号: 7169658
• 负责人: Matthew P Longnecker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7169658
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); audiometry; biomarker; child (0-11); chlorohydrocarbon insecticide; clinical research; cryptorchidism; developmental neurobiology; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; dioxins; environmental exposure; environmental toxicology; halobiphenyl /halotriphenyl compound; human birth weight; human subject; hypotonia; intelligence tests; interview; nervous system disorder; neuropsychological tests; organic chemicals; pesticide biological effect; premature labor; questionnaires; reproductive development

Organochlorines such as the DDT metabolite DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that may be toxic at levels encountered by the general population, through exposure in the food chain. PCBs interfere with neurodevelopment in animal experiments but human results are mixed. Each organochlorine has several types of biologic activity, so potential mechanisms of action are a challenge to pin down. For example, DDE interferes with androgen binding to its receptor. Most of my work in this area is based on analysis of serum from pregnant women who were in a cohort study named the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Here I describe some of my results from the CPP study. Results from other studies I have done on the health effects of persistent organic pollutants are indicated in the list of publications. Sera from over 50,000 pregnant women in the CPP have been frozen at -20 degrees Centigrade since 1959-1965, and with the health data on their offspring constitute a resource that is still actively used by many investigators. We selected a subset of about 2,800 children born in 1959-1966 and determined organochlorine concentrations in the corresponding stored maternal pregnancy sera. In earlier CPP papers we examined DDE levels in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies, and, in the CPP pregnancy, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, and birthweight; in all cases we found associations suggestive of adverse effects. To look for evidence of androgen-blocking, we examined maternal DDE level during pregnancy in relation to adjusted odds of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia [extra nipples] among their male offspring; for these outcomes the results were suggestive but equivocal. Furthermore, we evaluated prenatal PCB exposure in relation to developmental assessment performance at 8 months of age, and hearing as reflected by audiometric examination at age 8 years. None of these studies showed any associations. Last year's progress Because this project is now in the data analysis and reporting phase, the progress is reflected by the publications. Briefly, in the past year, we have reported on: a) PCBs and performance on tests of cognitive performance (no association in our data), b)DDE and fetal loss (association found), c) DDE and body size in peripubertal males (no association found), d) PCBs and DDE in relation to menstrual cycle characteristics (some association with PCBs), e) PCBs and preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (no association found), f) PCBs and DDE and time to pregnancy (a suggestion of increased time to pregnancy with PCBs was found).

滴滴涕代谢物 DDE 和多氯联苯 (PCB) 等有机氯是持久性有机污染物，通过食物链中的接触，达到一般人群遇到的水平时可能有毒。在动物实验中多氯联苯会干扰神经发育，但在人类实验中结果好坏参半。每种有机氯都有多种类型的生物活性，因此确定潜在的作用机制是一个挑战。例如，DDE 干扰雄激素与其受体的结合。 我在这一领域的大部分工作都是基于对参与一项名为“围产期协作项目”(CPP) 的队列研究的孕妇血清的分析。在这里，我描述了 CPP 研究的一些结果。我所做的关于持久性有机污染物对健康影响的其他研究的结果列于出版物清单中。 自 1959 年至 1965 年以来，来自 CPP 的 50,000 多名孕妇的血清一直被冷冻在 -20 摄氏度下，其后代的健康数据构成了许多研究人员仍在积极使用的资源。我们选择了 1959-1966 年间出生的约 2,800 名儿童，并测定了相应储存的母体妊娠血清中的有机氯浓度。 在早期的 CPP 论文中，我们研究了 DDE 水平与之前妊娠中胎儿丢失的关系，以及 CPP 妊娠中的 DDE 水平与早产、小于胎龄和出生体重的关系；在所有情况下，我们都发现存在暗示不良影响的关联。为了寻找雄激素阻断的证据，我们检查了怀孕期间母亲的 DDE 水平与其男性后代中隐睾、尿道下裂和多乳头（额外乳头）的调整后几率的关系。对于这些结果，结果具有启发性但又模棱两可。 此外，我们还评估了产前 PCB 暴露与 8 个月时发育评估表现以及 8 岁时听力检查所反映的听力的关系。这些研究均未显示出任何关联。 去年的进展 由于该项目目前处于数据分析和报告阶段，进展情况已通过出版物反映出来。简而言之，在过去的一年中，我们报告了：a) PCB 和认知能力测试中的表现（我们的数据中没有关联），b) DDE 和胎儿丢失（发现关联），c) DDE 和青春期前男性的体型（未发现关联），d) PCB 和 DDE 与月经周期特征的关系（与 PCB 存在一定关联），e) PCB 与早产和小于胎龄（未发现关联），f) PCB DDE 和怀孕时间（发现 PCB 可以延长怀孕时间）。