Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Organochlorine Compo

接触有机氯化合物对人类健康的影响

• 批准号: 7169658
• 负责人: Matthew P Longnecker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7169658
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); audiometry; biomarker; child (0-11); chlorohydrocarbon insecticide; clinical research; cryptorchidism; developmental neurobiology; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; dioxins; environmental exposure; environmental toxicology; halobiphenyl /halotriphenyl compound; human birth weight; human subject; hypotonia; intelligence tests; interview; nervous system disorder; neuropsychological tests; organic chemicals; pesticide biological effect; premature labor; questionnaires; reproductive development

Organochlorines such as the DDT metabolite DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that may be toxic at levels encountered by the general population, through exposure in the food chain. PCBs interfere with neurodevelopment in animal experiments but human results are mixed. Each organochlorine has several types of biologic activity, so potential mechanisms of action are a challenge to pin down. For example, DDE interferes with androgen binding to its receptor. Most of my work in this area is based on analysis of serum from pregnant women who were in a cohort study named the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Here I describe some of my results from the CPP study. Results from other studies I have done on the health effects of persistent organic pollutants are indicated in the list of publications. Sera from over 50,000 pregnant women in the CPP have been frozen at -20 degrees Centigrade since 1959-1965, and with the health data on their offspring constitute a resource that is still actively used by many investigators. We selected a subset of about 2,800 children born in 1959-1966 and determined organochlorine concentrations in the corresponding stored maternal pregnancy sera. In earlier CPP papers we examined DDE levels in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies, and, in the CPP pregnancy, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, and birthweight; in all cases we found associations suggestive of adverse effects. To look for evidence of androgen-blocking, we examined maternal DDE level during pregnancy in relation to adjusted odds of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia [extra nipples] among their male offspring; for these outcomes the results were suggestive but equivocal. Furthermore, we evaluated prenatal PCB exposure in relation to developmental assessment performance at 8 months of age, and hearing as reflected by audiometric examination at age 8 years. None of these studies showed any associations. Last year's progress Because this project is now in the data analysis and reporting phase, the progress is reflected by the publications. Briefly, in the past year, we have reported on: a) PCBs and performance on tests of cognitive performance (no association in our data), b)DDE and fetal loss (association found), c) DDE and body size in peripubertal males (no association found), d) PCBs and DDE in relation to menstrual cycle characteristics (some association with PCBs), e) PCBs and preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (no association found), f) PCBs and DDE and time to pregnancy (a suggestion of increased time to pregnancy with PCBs was found).

诸如DDT代谢产物DDE和多氯联苯（PCB）之类的有机氯氯是持续的有机污染物，在一般人群遇到的水平上可能是有毒的，并且通过食物链中的暴露。 PCB在动物实验中干扰神经发育，但人类的结果混合在一起。每种有机氯都有几种类型的生物学活性，因此潜在的作用机理是固定的挑战。例如，DDE干扰了雄激素与其受体的结合。 我在这一领域的大部分工作都是基于对孕妇的血清分析，这些孕妇正在一项名为“协作围产期项目（CPP）”的研究中。在这里，我描述了CPP研究的一些结果。我对持续有机污染物的健康影响的其他研究的结果在出版物列表中指出。 自1959 - 1965年以来，CPP中有50,000多名孕妇的血清在-20摄氏度中被冷冻，其后代的健康数据构成了许多研究人员仍在积极使用的资源。我们选择了1959 - 1966年出生的约2,800名儿童的子集，并确定了相应的孕妇妊娠血清中的有机氯浓度。 在较早的CPP论文中，我们检查了与以前怀孕的胎儿丧失有关的DDE水平，以及在CPP怀孕，早产，妊娠年龄较小和出生体重的情况下；在所有情况下，我们都会发现社会表现出不利影响。为了寻找雄激素阻滞的证据，我们在怀孕期间检查了母体DDE水平，与雄性后代中的隐齿术，杂质和乳房（额外的乳头）有关。对于这些结果，结果暗示性但模棱两可。 此外，我们评估了与8个月大的发育评估绩效有关的产前PCB暴露，并通过8岁的听力检查反映了听力。这些研究均未显示任何关联。 去年的进度 由于该项目现在处于数据分析和报告阶段，因此出版物反映了进度。 Briefly, in the past year, we have reported on: a) PCBs and performance on tests of cognitive performance (no association in our data), b)DDE and fetal loss (association found), c) DDE and body size in peripubertal males (no association found), d) PCBs and DDE in relation to menstrual cycle characteristics (some association with PCBs), e) PCBs and preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (no association发现），f）PCB和DDE以及怀孕时间（发现使用PCB的怀孕时间增加的建议）。