Nonlinear Electrical Control of Epilepsy

癫痫的非线性电控制

• 批准号: 6984116
• 负责人: DAVID J MOGUL
• 金额: $ 16.49万
• 依托单位: ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6984116
• 关键词: bioengineering /biomedical engineering; biomedical equipment development; brain electrical activity; brain electronic stimulator; computer program /software; electrodes; electrostimulus; epilepsy; hippocampus; laboratory rat; mathematics; nervous system disorder therapy; neuroregulation; picrotoxin

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epileptic seizures are a common disease that afflicts over 2.5 million Americans. These seizures can sometimes be prevented with pharmaceutical treatment; however, over 25% of epilepsy patients cannot be helped by antiepileptic drugs. For these patients in whom seizures are sufficiently severe, the only remaining option is surgical removal of brain tissue which can sometimes result in severe neurological deficits. The ultimate goal of the research described in this proposal is to develop a less invasive and potentially far less damaging alternative to surgery for drug-refractory epilepsy patients. The overall objective is to engineer a device similar in concept to an implantable cardiac defribrillator in that it would detect the earliest stages of a seizure and prevent or revert it using electrical stimulation. This research requires exploration in diverse but related fields such as nonlinear chaos theory and computer programming as well as expertise in experimental biology. Experiments will be focused on the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is a frequent foci for generation of epileptiform electical activity. Continuing experiments will perform nonlinear mathematical analysis followed by testing of control algorithms on rat hippocampal slices which can be induced to produce spontaneous discharges analogous to epileptic behavior seen in whole animals. Electrical stimulation will be applied via an electrode according to control algorithms to revert the bursting. Because neuronal dynamics in a network can be quite complex, techniques of both control and anti-control will be researched. Recent advances in understanding and controlling chaotic systems have provided an invaluable opportunity to apply these principles toward manipulation of pathological electrical activity in the brain. It would ultimately permit the ability to prevent or revert seizures in the brain which would have enormous benefits to public health as well as overall cost savings to society.

描述（由申请人提供）：癫痫发作是一种常见疾病，遭受超过250万美国人的影响。这些癫痫发作有时可以通过药物治疗来预防。但是，超过25％的癫痫患者无法通过抗癫痫药帮助。对于这些癫痫发作足够严重的患者，唯一剩下的选择是外科手术去除脑组织，这有时会导致严重的神经系统缺陷。该提案中描述的研究的最终目的是为药物 - 性饮食性癫痫患者提供一种侵入性较小的替代替代替代手术的替代方案。总体目的是设计一种与可植入的心脏裂开器相似的设备，因为它将检测到癫痫发作的最早阶段，并使用电刺激预防或恢复它。这项研究需要在不同但相关领域的探索，例如非线性混乱理论和计算机编程以及实验生物学专业知识。实验将集中于海马，这是大脑的一个区域，这是用于产生癫痫样的选举活动的焦点。持续实验将进行非线性数学分析，然后在大鼠海马切片上测试对照算法，这些切片可引起产生与整个动物中癫痫行为相似的自发放电。根据对照算法，将通过电极应用电刺激以恢复爆裂。由于网络中的神经元动力学可能非常复杂，因此将研究控制和抗控制的技术。理解和控制混乱系统的最新进展为将这些原则应用于操纵大脑中的病理电活动提供了宝贵的机会。它最终将允许预防或恢复大脑中的癫痫发作，这将为公共卫生带来巨大的利益，并为社会节省总体成本。