Eyjafjallajokull 2010: chronology of magmatic processes and their linkage to unrest signals and eruption behaviour

Eyjafjallajokull 2010：岩浆过程年表及其与动荡信号和喷发行为的联系

• 批准号: NE/J024295/1
• 负责人: Susan Loughlin
• 金额: $ 2.16万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ024295%2F1
• 关键词: Eyjafjallajokull; 2010; chronology; magmatic; processes

The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010 caused widespread disruption, travel chaos and economic damage across Europe, closing airports, stranding tourists and halting air freight. At least 13 major travel operators went bust in 2010, with the eruption being a significant contributing factor.Whilst many studies focus on the behaviour of ash when injected into the atmosphere, this project is concerned with the magma itself. The Eyjafjallajokull eruption followed over a decade of periodic unrest, with suspected magma movements beneath the volcano in 1994, 1996 and 1999. When it did erupt, the volcano produced a magma that was clearly a mixture of three components, an evolved, sticky magma and two different hot, basaltic magmas, which interacted with and heated up the evolved component so that it could be erupted. Crystals in the magma record the mixing event, by growing zones with different compositions. If the crystals sit in a hot magma chamber, they gradually reset towards a uniform composition. By looking at how far this resetting process has gone, we can determine how long it has been since the zones formed, and by inference, since the magmas mixed. Our initial work looking at these samples has shown that there are multiple mixing events, occurring up to 18 months before the eruption itself occurred. A major mixing event seen in many crystals correlates with the start of the summit eruption, and it is reasonable to expect that new mixing events - representing fresh magma input - would have a strong impact on the state of the eruption. This project will have two research strands, operating at Edinburgh and Leeds, with involvement of the British Geological Survey as a key stakeholder. The role of Edinburgh is to refine what we know about the character of the products, to identify the three mixing components and their properties such as temperature and water content. The role of Leeds is to determine the times at which the magmas have mixed before they erupt, and to then use this to show the series of events that happened in the magma chamber beneath the volcano, both before, and during, the eruption.With this data, we will be able to "date" the mixing events recorded in crystals from throughout the eruption deposit, looking for when magma pulses arrived into the magma chamber, and linking this to the eruptive activity as seen at the surface, as well as the signals that were recorded by the Icelandic scientists monitoring the eruption as it happened. We will then discuss our results with Icelandic colleagues in order to improve our model for the plumbing beneath the volcano, better understand the linkage between magma supply and eruption style and to better relate monitoring signals to magmatic processes.

Eyjafjallajokull火山在2010年的爆发造成了广泛的破坏，整个欧洲的旅行混乱和经济损失，关闭机场，滞留游客并停止空运。 2010年，至少有13个主要旅行社破产，爆发是一个重要的促成因素。当许多研究重点是注入大气中的ASH的行为时，该项目与岩浆本身有关。十年的周期性动荡之后，Eyjafjallajokull的爆发发生了，怀疑的岩浆运动在1994年，1996年和1999年在火山下方。当它爆发时，该火山显然产生了一种岩浆，显然是三种成分的混合物，一种混合​​物，一种进化，粘稠的粘稠，两种粘稠的质感和底层杂志，可以与之相互作用，并与之相互作用，并与之相互作用，并与之相互作用，并散发出来，并散发出来，并散发出来的效果，因此既可以互动，因此均匀地融合了这种杂物。岩浆中的晶体记录了混合事件，通过种植具有不同组成的区域。如果晶体坐在热岩浆腔中，它们会逐渐将其重置为均匀的组成。通过查看这个重置过程已经走了多远，我们可以确定自区域形成以来的时间，以及自岩浆以来的推断。我们对这些样品的最初工作表明，有多个混合事件，在喷发本身发生长达18个月之前。在许多晶体中看到的一个重大混合事件与山顶喷发的开始相关，并且可以合理地期望新的混合事件（代表新鲜的岩浆输入）会对喷发的状态产生强大的影响。该项目将在爱丁堡和利兹开展两条研究方面，作为主要利益相关者，英国地质调查局的参与。爱丁堡的作用是完善我们对产品特征的了解，以确定三种混合成分及其特性，例如温度和水含量。 LEED的作用是确定岩浆在爆发前混合的时间，然后用它来显示火山下岩浆室内发生的一系列事件，无论是在火山下，之前和之中的爆发。在此数据中，我们将能够“日期”在整个活动中播放的杂物，并在整个活动中记录在整个活动中的混合事件。表面以及冰岛科学家记录的信号，以监测发生的喷发。然后，我们将与冰岛同事讨论我们的结果，以改善火山下的管道模型，更好地了解岩浆供应和喷发风格之间的联系，并更好地将监测信号与岩浆工艺联系起来。

项目成果

Magmatic crystal records in time, space, and process, causatively linked with volcanic unrest

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.025
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: M. Pankhurst;D. Morgan;T. Thordarson;S. Loughlin

Monitoring the Magmas Fuelling Volcanic Eruptions in Near-real-time Using X-ray Micro-computed Tomography

使用 X 射线微计算机断层扫描近实时监测促进火山喷发的岩浆

• DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egt079
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Journal of Petrology
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Pankhurst M