LANGUAGE INFORMATION PROCESSING

语言信息处理

• 批准号: 6396005
• 负责人: ELIZABETH A BATES
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6396005
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; comprehension; human subject; language development; language disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; nonEnglish language; preschool child (1-5); psycholinguistics; psychomotor reaction time; semantics; speech; speech recognition; stimulus /response; visual stimulus

"On-line" methods provide insights into the time course of language processing. Project 4 proposes a series of on-line experiments to investigate the temporal microstructure of auditory language processing in normally developing children, under normal processing conditions and under abnormal conditions designed to stimulate the processing deficits hypothesized to underlie some forms of developmental language impairment (i.e., perceptual degradation, to stimulate processing with a deficient perceptual mechanism; compressed speech, to simulate deficits in temporal integration). We will document developmental changes in real-time word and sentence processing across the period from 5 years to adolescence, and compare those results with the processing profiles observed in our clinical populations. Experiments will focus on different tasks and sentence processing across the period from 5 years to adolescence, and compare those results with the processing profiles observed in our clinical populations. Experiments will focus on different tasks and modalities, including (1) sentence interpretation, using stimuli that vary in syntactic complexity and in the point in time at which the listener can make an unambiguous interpretation; (2) grammaticality judgment, focusing on developmental changes in accuracy and reaction time to violations of grammatical morphology, an area that is known to be particularly vulnerable in children with developmental language disorders; (3) word comprehension, in and out of a sentence context, looking at the amount of phonetic information that children of different ages need in order to recognize and repeat a target word, and at developmental changes in the facilitative and/or inhibitory contributions of sentential context on accuracy and reaction time; (4) word production, in and out of a sentence context, looking at developmental changes in the relative contribution of semantic and phonetic cues to accuracy, word onset latency and word duration in a picture-naming task. In collaboration with the other projects in the Center, we will compare the temporal processing profiles that emerge in our "on-line" tasks with performance by children in "off-line" measures of language ability (with Dr. Reilly, 'on-line' processing of nonlinguistic stimuli (with Dr. Stiles), and electrophysiological studies of real-time language processing (with Miles). Finally, we will conduct pilot studies of lexical and grammatical processing in children who are acquiring Italian, a richly inflected language that permits a more detailed examination of developmental changes in real-time processing of grammatical morphology, an area of language that is known to be particularly vulnerable in populations of children and adults with language disorders.

“在线”方法提供了有关语言时间过程的见解 加工。 项目4提出了一系列在线实验 调查听觉语言处理的时间微观结构 通常在正常的处理条件下和下 旨在刺激加工缺陷的异常条件 假设是某些形式的发展语言障碍的基础 （即感知性降解，以刺激处理不足 感知机制；压缩语音，以模拟时间上的缺陷 一体化）。 我们将记录实时单词的发展变化， 从5年到青春期的整个期间的句子处理，以及 将这些结果与在我们的临床中观察到的处理曲线进行比较 人群。 实验将集中于不同的任务和句子 从5年到青春期进行处理，并将其进行比较 在我们的临床人群中观察到的处理曲线的结果。 实验将重点关注不同的任务和方式，包括（1） 句子解释，使用句法复杂性各不相同的刺激 在时间点，听众可以做一个明确的 解释; （2）语法判断，专注于发展 精度和反应时间的变化，违反语法 形态学，该领域在儿童中特别容易受到伤害 发育语言障碍； （3）单词理解，进出 句子上下文，查看语音信息的数量 不同年龄的孩子需要识别和重复目标 词，以及促进和/或抑制性的发展变化 句子上下文对准确性和反应时间的贡献； （4）字 生产，在句子上下文中，查看发展 语义和语音提示对 在图片命名任务中的准确性，单词发作延迟和单词持续时间。 与中心的其他项目合作，我们将比较 在我们的“在线”任务中出现的时间处理配置文件 儿童在“离线”语言能力的“离线”度量中的表现（有 Reilly博士，非语言刺激的“在线”处理（与博士 Stiles），以及实时语言处理的电生理研究 （有英里）。 最后，我们将对词汇和 获得意大利人的儿童的语法处理，一个丰富的 易转的语言，允许对 语法形态实时处理的发展变化，这是一种 语言领域在人群中特别容易受到伤害 患有语言障碍的儿童和成人。