Nature and Impact of Development in Processing Speed

处理速度发展的性质和影响

• 批准号: 6882000
• 负责人: Robert V. Kail
• 金额: $ 16.76万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-01 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6882000
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); age difference; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; human subject; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; short term memory; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Age differences in the speed with which children, adolescents, and adults execute mental processes are ubiquitous and large. Furthermore, age differences in processing speed often affect other cognitive processes directly and indirectly, via working memory. Understanding the nature and consequences of these age differences is the general goal of the proposed work. Three specific aims follow from this goal: 1. Most of the evidence concerning change in processing speed comes from cross-sectional studies; relatively little is known about growth of processing speed in individuals. A proposed longitudinal study will provide evidence concerning the nature of growth of processing speed in individuals during childhood and adolescence. 2. Evidence regarding the consequences of age-related change in processing speed it is based largely on cross-sectional analyses of correlations between processing speed and other cognitive processes. The proposed longitudinal study is designed to provide stronger evidence for the cognitive consequences of developmental change in processing speed. 3. Cognitive development reflects both processes that are global (e.g., processing speed, working memory) as well as processes specific to particular domains of knowledge. Nevertheless, there is little research that addresses the contributions of both global and domain-specific processes within a single task or domain. Four studies are proposed that would reveal how the indirect and direct effects of age-related change in processing speed interact with domain-specific processes to yield cognitive change.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童、青少年和成人执行心理过程的速度存在很大的年龄差异。此外，处理速度的年龄差异通常会通过工作记忆直接或间接影响其他认知过程。了解这些年龄差异的性质和后果是拟议工作的总体目标。这一目标衍生出三个具体目标： 1. 大多数有关处理速度变化的证据来自横断面研究；对于个体处理速度的增长知之甚少。拟议的纵向研究将提供有关个体在童年和青春期处理速度增长性质的证据。 2. 关于与年龄相关的处理速度变化的后果的证据主要基于处理速度与其他认知过程之间相关性的横断面分析。拟议的纵向研究旨在为处理速度发展变化的认知后果提供更有力的证据。 3. 认知发展既反映了全局过程（例如处理速度、工作记忆），也反映了特定知识领域的特定过程。然而，很少有研究涉及单个任务或领域内全局和特定领域流程的贡献。提出的四项研究将揭示与年龄相关的处理速度变化的间接和直接影响如何与特定领域的过程相互作用以产生认知变化。