LANGUAGE INFORMATION PROCESSING

语言信息处理

• 批准号: 6397115
• 负责人: ELIZABETH A BATES
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6397115
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; comprehension; human subject; language development; language disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; nonEnglish language; preschool child (1-5); psycholinguistics; psychomotor reaction time; semantics; speech; speech recognition; stimulus /response; visual stimulus

"On-line" methods provide insights into the time course of language processing. Project 4 proposes a series of on-line experiments to investigate the temporal microstructure of auditory language processing in normally developing children, under normal processing conditions and under abnormal conditions designed to stimulate the processing deficits hypothesized to underlie some forms of developmental language impairment (i.e., perceptual degradation, to stimulate processing with a deficient perceptual mechanism; compressed speech, to simulate deficits in temporal integration). We will document developmental changes in real-time word and sentence processing across the period from 5 years to adolescence, and compare those results with the processing profiles observed in our clinical populations. Experiments will focus on different tasks and sentence processing across the period from 5 years to adolescence, and compare those results with the processing profiles observed in our clinical populations. Experiments will focus on different tasks and modalities, including (1) sentence interpretation, using stimuli that vary in syntactic complexity and in the point in time at which the listener can make an unambiguous interpretation; (2) grammaticality judgment, focusing on developmental changes in accuracy and reaction time to violations of grammatical morphology, an area that is known to be particularly vulnerable in children with developmental language disorders; (3) word comprehension, in and out of a sentence context, looking at the amount of phonetic information that children of different ages need in order to recognize and repeat a target word, and at developmental changes in the facilitative and/or inhibitory contributions of sentential context on accuracy and reaction time; (4) word production, in and out of a sentence context, looking at developmental changes in the relative contribution of semantic and phonetic cues to accuracy, word onset latency and word duration in a picture-naming task. In collaboration with the other projects in the Center, we will compare the temporal processing profiles that emerge in our "on-line" tasks with performance by children in "off-line" measures of language ability (with Dr. Reilly, 'on-line' processing of nonlinguistic stimuli (with Dr. Stiles), and electrophysiological studies of real-time language processing (with Miles). Finally, we will conduct pilot studies of lexical and grammatical processing in children who are acquiring Italian, a richly inflected language that permits a more detailed examination of developmental changes in real-time processing of grammatical morphology, an area of language that is known to be particularly vulnerable in populations of children and adults with language disorders.

“在线”方法提供了对语言时间进程的洞察 加工。 项目 4 提出了一系列在线实验 研究听觉语言处理的时间微观结构 正常发育的儿童，在正常加工条件下 旨在刺激处理缺陷的异常条件 假设是某些形式的发育性语言障碍的基础 （即知觉退化，以有缺陷的方式刺激处理 感知机制；压缩语音，模拟时间缺陷 一体化）。 我们将实时记录发展变化 从 5 岁到青春期的句子处理，以及 将这些结果与我们临床中观察到的处理曲线进行比较 人口。 实验将侧重于不同的任务和句子 处理从 5 岁到青春期的过程，并比较这些 结果与在我们的临床人群中观察到的加工概况。 实验将侧重于不同的任务和模式，包括 (1) 句子解释，使用句法复杂性不同的刺激 并且在听者可以明确表达的时间点 解释; (2)语法判断，注重发展性 准确性和对违反语法的反应时间的变化 形态学，已知儿童特别容易受到伤害的一个领域 患有发育性语言障碍； (3) 单词理解、进出 句子上下文，查看其中包含的语音信息量 不同年龄段的孩子需要识别并重复一个目标 词，以及促进和/或抑制的发育变化 句子上下文对准确性和反应时间的贡献； (4) 字 生产，在句子上下文中和句子之外，着眼于发展 语义和语音线索的相对贡献的变化 图片命名任务中的准确性、单词开始延迟和单词持续时间。 与中心的其他项目合作，我们将比较 在我们的“在线”任务中出现的时间处理配置文件 儿童在“离线”语言能力测量中的表现（ Reilly 博士，非语言刺激的“在线”处理（与 Dr. Reilly 一起） Stiles），以及实时语言处理的电生理学研究 （与迈尔斯）。 最后，我们将进行词汇和词汇方面的试点研究。 正在学习意大利语的儿童的语法处理 允许更详细检查的变形语言 语法形态实时处理的发展变化 已知在人群中特别脆弱的语言领域 患有语言障碍的儿童和成人。