Using wild ancestor plants to make rice more resilient to increasingly unpredictable water availability

利用野生祖先植物使水稻更能适应日益不可预测的水资源供应

• 批准号: BB/J011851/1
• 负责人: Ian Graham
• 金额: $ 224.84万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ011851%2F1
• 关键词: Using; wild; ancestor; plants; make

Enabling food production to keep pace with population growth in the face of global climate change is a significant challenge. Both high and low extremes in rainfall increasingly limit food production, particularly for the poorest farmers. Furthermore, droughts and floods are predicted to occur more frequently under climate change, whilst the availability of water for agriculture will decline. The "green revolution" resulted in a doubling of rice yields across much of Asia, but demand for rice now exceeds production and UN FAO predictions suggest rice yields will need to increase by 50% by 2050 to meet population growth. A quarter of global rice production, rising to 45% in India, is in rain-fed environments thus at serious risk from climate change. New developments in modern plant breeding are allowing scientists to address this problem. The use of DNA based molecular markers that predict how adult plants perform under challenging environments such as drought allow breeding to be speeded up and different phenotypes or traits to be combined and transferred from one variety to another. These molecular tools make the selection process much more efficient so that what previously would have taken six generations can now be done in two. However, the loss of genetic diversity during the hundreds of years of domestication of crops such as rice means that the germplasm associated with modern cultivars offers limited scope for the improvements that are needed to meet the challenges of the 21st Century. The exciting thing about this project is that we will use new technology platforms developed in one of our laboratories at Cornell University, USA, to access valuable genetic variation from ancestral wild species of rice, introduce this to modern day elite cultivars that are widely grown in India and identify new varieties that have increased yields under drought conditions due to the presence of small segments of DNA from the wild species. Field trialling of hundreds of different lines carrying different segments of DNA from the wild species will be conducted by the Central Rice Research Institute in India and in parallel researchers at the Universities of York and Cornell will carry out a range of different experiments to understand what causes increased drought resistance in specific lines. With this new understanding it will be possible to develop new DNA based molecular markers that allow the genetic variation from the wild species to be efficiently transferred to a wide range of commercial rice cultivars. So the outputs during the four year project will not only be improved rice varieties but also new breeding tools for rapid deployment of drought conferring genetic variation to multiple rice cultivars. However, the adoption of new rice varieties by local communities is dependent on multiple factors in addition to yield performance with grain quality being one of the most important. Cultural and sociological issues such as the role of gender also play a significant part in determining the success of a new cultivar and in order to address this we will perform a socioeconomic study to assess the likely uptake patterns of any new varieties and their impact on farmers' incomes. The impact of new rice cultivars on yield, per unit cost of production, and total production per specific input (land, labour, fertilizers, seeds) will be evaluated and on-farm testing and participatory evaluation will be an integral component of cultivar field trials. This project will also model the impact of new varieties to quantify how yields are enhanced in drought-prone landscapes currently and in the future as climate changes. This information along with the outputs from our socio-economic studies will inform policy makers in developing countries about the socio-economic benefits of new varieties and thus improve adoption of the most effective strategies to address food insecurity and poverty.

面对全球气候变化，使粮食生产能够保持人口增长的步伐是一个重大挑战。降雨中的高极端和低极端都越来越限制粮食生产，特别是对于最贫穷的农民而言。此外，预计在气候变化下会更频繁地发生干旱和洪水，而农业水的供应将下降。 “绿色革命”导致亚洲大部分地区的水稻产量增加了一倍，但是对大米的需求现在超过了产量，联合国粮农组织的预测表明，到2050年，水稻产量将需要增加50％才能实现人口增长。因此，在印度，全球水稻产量的四分之一升至45％，因此在雨水供应环境中，气候变化有严重的风险。 现代植物育种的新发展使科学家能够解决这个问题。使用基于DNA的分子标记物来预测成年植物在挑战性的环境中的表现，例如干旱允许繁殖加快繁殖，并将不同的表型或特征组合在一起，并将其从一种品种转移到另一种品种。这些分子工具使选择过程效率更高，因此以前将需要六代的方法可以完成。但是，在诸如大米之类的数百年的驯化遗传多样性中，遗传多样性的丧失意味着与现代品种相关的种质为应对21世纪挑战所需的改进提供了有限的范围。 这个项目令人兴奋的事情是，我们将使用在美国康奈尔大学的一个实验室中开发的新技术平台，以获取来自祖先野生米饭的有价值的遗传变异，将其引入印度广泛种植的现代精英品种，并确定由于在野生物种的小dna而存在下提高了产量在干旱条件下增加产量的新品种。印度中央稻米研究所将进行数百种携带不同种类DNA的不同线的不同线，以及约克大学和康奈尔大学的并行研究人员进行一系列不同的实验，以了解原因，以了解原因是什么原因增加了特定线路的干旱。有了这种新的理解，将有可能开发新的基于DNA的分子标记物，从而使野生物种的遗传变异有效地转移到广泛的商业水稻品种中。因此，在四年项目中的产出不仅将改善水稻品种，而且还将是快速部署干旱赋予多种水稻品种遗传变异的新育种工具。 但是，当地社区采用新的水稻品种取决于多种因素，除了产生性能，谷物质量是最重要的因素之一。文化和社会学问题，例如性别的作用，在确定新品种的成功方面也起着重要作用，为了解决这一问题，我们将进行一项社会经济研究，以评估任何新品种的可能吸收模式及其对农民收入的影响。新的水稻品种对收益率，单位生产成本以及每特定投入的总产量（土地，劳动，肥料，种子）的影响将是品种现场试验不可或缺的组成部分。 该项目还将对新品种的影响进行建模，以量化目前和将来随着气候变化的目前和将来如何提高易于干旱的景观的产量。这些信息以及我们的社会经济研究的产出将为发展中国家的决策者提供有关新品种的社会经济益处的信息，从而改善了解决粮食不安全和贫困的最有效策略的采用。

项目成果

Impact of osmotic stress on the growth and root architecture of introgression lines derived from a wild ancestor of rice and a modern cultivar.

• DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10026
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)

Climate and rainfed rice cultivation in India

印度的气候和雨养水稻种植

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Singh Kuntal

Marker-assisted introgression of drought tolerance from wild ancestors into popular Indian rice varieties using a 7K Infinium SNP array

使用 7K Infinium SNP 阵列，通过标记辅助将耐旱性从野生祖先引入到流行的印度水稻品种中

• DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2017-a190
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Canadian Journal of Biotechnology
• 作者: Dash S

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Drought Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2019.01.004
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: RICE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Donde, Ravindra;Kumar, Jitendra;Dash, Sushanta Kumar
• 通讯作者: Dash, Sushanta Kumar

Effect of drought on morpho-physiological, yield and yield traits of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from wild species of rice.

干旱对源自野生稻种的染色体片段替代系（CSSL）的形态生理、产量和产量性状的影响。

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: ORYZA (An international journal on rice)
• 作者: Barik M