ATTRIBUTIONAL PROCESSES IN ADULTHOOD AND AGING

成年期和老年期的归因过程

• 批准号: 3118775
• 负责人: Fredda H. Blanchard-Fields
• 金额: $ 8.62万
• 依托单位: LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 1993-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3118775
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); aging; attribution; coping; emotional adjustment; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); insight; intelligence; interpersonal relations; mental health information system; mental process; motivation; problem solving; questionnaires; young adult human (21-34)

Increasing attention has been devoted in recent years to the issue of adaptive cognition in adulthood. An emerging view suggests that adaptive cognitive changes in particular contexts or domains may continue for many adults well into the latter half of the life span. This view posits a reexamination of more traditional formalistic concepts of cognition and suggests an interface with self-related variables such as motivational and interpersonal processes. The purpose of the proposed research is to respond to the above orientation and examine dimensions of adaptive cognition in adulthood and aging in the form of attributional processes. The study of causal attributions in a developmental contest will help operationalize the developmental criteria of cognitive maturity expoused in the recent adult cognitive-developmental literature in a social-cognitive framework. Four studies will apply a cognitive-developmental analysis to causal attribution processes of early adolescents (ages 13-15), adolescents (ages 16-19), youths (ages 20-29), three mature adult groups (ages 30-39; 40-49; 50-59), young-old (ages 60-69) and old-old (ages 70-79). The first two studies will examine adult developmental patterns in committing attributional biases. Location of causality and assignment of responsibility will be assessed. Subjects will respond to 4 attributional scales in a structured and free response format, involving actors in 10 action vignette sequences. In addition, the degree to which causal attributions covary with other aspects of social cognition thought to demonstrate progressive change in adulthood will be examined. The next two studies will examine this attributional pattern using self-generated and protocol analysis procedures. A think-aloud procedure will be used along with attributional assignment scales. Resultant causal attributional biases will be assessed. For all above studies, it is proposed that attributional biases will decrease with age and covary with other developmental maturity measures resulting in more integrative and complex causal analyses of behavior. The immediate aim of this 5-year project is to establish attributional processes involved in cognitive maturity by using a more process-oriented approach. From a long term perspective, adaptive changes in attributional processes have further implications for adaptive coping skills in adult development.

近年来，人们一直致力于越来越多的关注 成年后的自适应认知。 新兴的观点表明自适应 在特定情况或领域中的认知变化可能会继续 成年人进入了寿命的后半段。 此观点假设 重新审查更传统的形式主义认知概念和 提出了与自我相关变量（例如动机和）的界面 人际关系过程。 拟议研究的目的是对上述方向做出反应 并检查成年后自适应认知和衰老的维度 归因过程的形式。 在 发展竞赛将有助于运营发展标准 在最近的成人认知发展中证实的认知成熟度 社会认知框架中的文献。 四项研究将对因果关系应用认知发展分析 早期青少年的归因过程（13-15岁），青少年（年龄 16-19），年轻人（20-29岁），三个成熟的成年群体（30-39岁； 40-49岁； 50-59岁），年龄（60-69岁）和老年（70-79岁）。 前两个 研究将检查成人发育模式 归因偏见。 因果关系的位置和分配的位置 责任将被评估。 受试者将回应4个归因 以结构化和自由响应格式的尺度，涉及10个参与者 动作小插图序列。 另外，因果关系的程度 归因于社会认知的其他方面的归因于 将检查成年中的渐进变化。 接下来的两个 研究将使用自我生成和 协议分析程序。 将使用一个思考程序 具有归因分配量表。 结果因果归因 偏见将被评估。 对于上述研究，有人提出 归因偏见会随着年龄的增长而降低，并与其他 发展成熟度衡量导致更复杂的综合性和复杂性 因果行为分析。 这个5年项目的直接目的是建立归因 通过使用更面向过程的过程，参与认知成熟的过程 方法。 从长期的角度来看，归因的自适应变化 流程对成人的自适应应对技巧有进一步的影响 发展。