ATTRIBUTIONAL PROCESSES IN ADULTHOOD AND AGING

成年期和老年期的归因过程

• 批准号: 2442221
• 负责人: Fredda H. Blanchard-Fields
• 金额: $ 14.69万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2442221
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); age difference; aging; attribution; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; coping; emotional adjustment; experience; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; interview; lifestyle; mental process; motivation; prejudice; problem solving; psychometrics; questionnaires; social change; social perception; young adult human (21-34)

The proposed research examines adaptive cognition in adulthood in the way an individual interprets problem situations, i.e., causal attributions. Research in the first award period demonstrated that older adults made more interactive attributions (multiple factors) as well as more dispositional attributions (e.g., blamed the main character) than younger adults, in negative relationship situations. The oldest adults and adolescents also produced less dialectical thinking. The proposed research will attempt to explain these findings using a social cognitive framework. In order to understand mechanisms involved in attributional processing, age/cohort differences in a priori schemas reflecting values, attitudes, and beliefs and the degree to which relationship and achievement situations evoke schematic processing will be assessed. It is expected that increasing age, experience, and changing social roles and life circumstances will impact the accessibility of such social schemas, and thus, influence the type of attributions made. In addition, individual differences in beliefs, styles, and schematicity will be related to differences in attributions. In this way developmental changes in attributions can be clarified by understanding individual differences in relevant variables. Five studies will assess schematicity and attributional processes of early adolescents (ages 13-15), adolescents (ages 16-l9), youths, three mature adult groups (ages 30-59), young~ld (ages 6O-68), and old-old (ages 70-79) using varying samples. Studies I and 2 will examine age/cohort difference in schematicity for the attribution vignettes using both a free generation task for relevant schemas and a priming procedure assessing attitudes that are evoked automatically and nonconsciously. Study 3 will examine the relationship between schematicity and causal attributional reasoning in relationship and achievement situations. Study 4 will link developmentally- related variables (e.g., ego level), invariant response styles (e.g., intolerance for ambiguity), psychometric intelligence, and schematicity to differences in causal reasoning (Study 4). Finally, Study 5 will examine the relationship between causal attributional reasoning and emotional saliency of the situation. The immediate aim of this 4-year project is to examine attributional reasoning in relationship and achievement situations in relation to cohort- related experience (e.g., schematicity), individual differences measures, and emotional saliency. The long-term perspective yields ways of assessing dysfunctional attributions in relationship situations as well as implications for adaptive coping in adulthood.

拟议的研究研究了成年后的自适应认知 一个人解释问题情况，即因果归因。 在第一个奖项期间的研究表明，老年人做了更多 交互式归因（多个因素）以及更多的处置 归因（例如，指责主角），而不是年轻人 负面关系情况。最古老的成年人和青少年 产生的辩证性思维较少。拟议的研究将尝试 使用社会认知框架解释这些发现。为了 了解归因处理，年龄/队列中涉及的机制 先验模式的差异反映了价值，态度和信念 以及唤起关系和成就情况的程度 将评估示意图处理。预计年龄会增加， 经验，改变社会角色和生活环境将影响 这种社交模式的可访问性，从而影响 制作的归因。此外，信念，样式， 示意图将与归因的差异有关。在这个 可以通过理解来阐明归因的发展变化 相关变量的个体差异。 五项研究将评估早期的示意图和归因过程 青少年（13-15岁），青少年（16-L9岁），年轻人，三个成熟 成年人组（30-59岁），Young〜ld（6O-68岁）和老年人（70-79岁） 使用不同的样品。研究I和2将检查年龄/队列差异 在示意性的归因小插图中 相关图案的任务和启动程序评估态度 自动且无意识地诱发。研究3将检查 示意图与因果归因推理之间的关系 关系和成就情况。研究4将在发展上联系 - 相关变量（例如，自我级别），不变响应样式（例如， 对歧义的不宽容），心理智力和示意图 因果推理的差异（研究4）。最后，研究5将检查 因果归因推理与情感上的关系 情况的显着性。 这个四年项目的直接目的是检查归因 与队列有关的关系和成就情况的推理 - 相关经验（例如示意性），个体差异措施， 和情绪显着。长期观点产生了评估的方式 在关系情况下以及 对成年后的适应性应对的影响。