Mechanical Plasticity in Locomotion with Age

随着年龄的增长运动的机械可塑性

• 批准号: 7065706
• 负责人: PAUL DE VITA
• 金额: $ 28.51万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7065706
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); age difference; aging; ankle; biomechanics; blood pressure; body composition; clinical research; electromyography; gait; hip; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; interview; joints; knee; muscle contraction; muscle strength; striated muscles; videotape /videodisc; young adult human (21-34); adolescence (12-20); age difference; aging; ankle; biomechanics; blood pressure; body composition; clinical research; electromyography; gait; hip; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; interview; joints; knee; muscle contraction; muscle strength; striated muscles; videotape /videodisc; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Along with a reduction in physiological properties, the natural history of aging may include a mechanical plasticity emphasizing proximal muscles as a compensatory mechanism for reduced distal muscle function in locomotion. Pilot data show that while walking at the same speed, healthy old vs. young adults produced more torque and power with proximal hip muscles and less with distal knee and ankle muscles. Since old adults may have larger physiological deficits in distal vs. proximal muscles this mechanical plasticity in torques and powers may enable old adults to perform gait tasks with a motor control strategy favoring their physiological characteristics. We hypothesize that healthy human aging involves mechanical plasticity in locomotion that produces a distal to proximal shift in muscle function. Hypothesis will be tested with 4 specific aims: 1) demonstrate the existence of mechanical plasticity with age and test the effect of gait speed on mechanical plasticity in level walking; 2) determine the relationship between age and mechanical plasticity; 3) determine the generalizability of mechanical plasticity by comparing gait in young and old adults on stairs and an inclined walkway; and 4) assess the effect of strength on mechanical plasticity in locomotion. 140 adults approximately evenly distributed through the ages of 18-85 yrs will be screened for health and mobility status and measured with video, force plates, and EMG in level, stair, and incline walking. Lower extremity strength will be measured isokinetically. Inverse dynamics will calculate lower extremity joint torques and powers. Factorial ANOVAs and regression analyses will be used to analyze joint kinematics, torques and powers and their relationships with age. We expect greater hip and less knee and ankle torque and power in old vs. young. We expect curvilinear relationships between age and measures of mechanical plasticity (torques & powers). We expect that strength will have no effect on mechanical plasticity with all strong and weak old adults exhibiting the altered motor strategy. Our long term goal is to establish a theoretical framework of biomechanical adaptations with age in locomotion. This framework provides a basis for designing exercise and rehabilitation programs for aged individuals with mobility impairments.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着生理特性的降低，衰老的自然历史可能包括强调近端肌肉的机械可塑性，作为降低运动中远端肌肉功能的补偿机制。飞行员数据显示，在以相同的速度行走时，健康的老年人与年轻人的扭矩和动力更大，近端髋部肌肉，较少的膝盖和脚踝肌肉较少。由于老年人在远端和近端肌肉中可能具有较大的生理缺陷，因此扭矩和力量中的机械可塑性可能使老年人能够采用有利于其生理特征的运动控制策略执行步态任务。我们假设健康的人衰老涉及运动的机械可塑性，这会导致肌肉功能近端转移的远端。假设将以4个特定目的进行检验：1）证明存在年龄的机械可塑性，并测试步态速度对水平行走中机械可塑性的影响； 2）确定年龄与机械可塑性之间的关系； 3）通过比较楼梯和倾斜人行道的年轻人和老年人的步态来确定机械可塑性的普遍性； 4）评估强度对运动机械可塑性的影响。 140名成年人大约在18-85岁之间均匀分布，以筛选健康和移动状况，并通过视频，力板和EMG在水平，楼梯和倾斜步行中进行测量。下肢的强度将以等质为单位进行测量。逆动力学将计算下肢关节扭矩和力量。阶乘方差分析和回归分析将用于分析关节运动学，扭矩和力量及其与年龄的关系。我们期望臀部更大，膝盖和脚踝的扭矩和力量更少。我们期望年龄与机械可塑性度量（扭矩和力量）之间的曲线关系。我们预计强度对机械可塑性没有影响，所有强大和弱的老年人都表现出改变的运动策略。我们的长期目标是建立一个生物力学适应的理论框架，随着运动的年龄。该框架为有行动不便的老年人设计锻炼和康复计划提供了基础。