ATTRIBUTIONAL PROCESSES IN ADULTHOOD & AGING

成年时期的归因过程

• 批准号: 6831654
• 负责人: Fredda H. Blanchard-Fields
• 金额: $ 36.79万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6831654
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; aging; attribution; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; bias; clinical research; coping; emotional adjustment; experience; human old age (65+); human subject; interview; judgment; lifestyle; mental process; motivation; prejudice; problem solving; psychometrics; questionnaires; social change; social perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Evidence suggests that older adults rely heavily on easily accessible trait-based information. However, findings to date do not indicate universal increases in social judgment biases for older adults. Plausible mechanisms for explaining attributional biases are not limited to processing capacity, but include motivational goals and cognitive style, and accessibility of beliefs and values. For example, when beliefs or rules are violated, adults of any age tend to be biased toward dispositional attributions. These effects may be heightened in older adults. However, at this point there is no definitive evidence that these variables account for such age differences. The aim of this research is to address this issue by further examining attributional biases in two contexts, the causal attribution framework and the attitude attribution paradigm. The first series of studies aims 1) to establish age differences social judgment biases in a new context assessing the correspondence bias and 2) to examine the joint influence of plausible mechanisms accounting for these age differences: general and content-specific values and beliefs, need for closure, and processing load. The next series of studies aims to further refine the previously used schematicity measure utilizing a priming method and systematically evaluating schema valence. In this way, the joint effects of social schematicity, character identification, and experientially based modes of processing on age differences in dispositional biases can be examined. This will culminate in a replication and extension of our original model of individual differences dispositional biases with more refined assessment procedures, better measures of values and beliefs, and by utilizing two assessment paradigms for assessing attributional biases. In the long run, this research will help us understand how attitudes, values, and beliefs influence one's social reasoning process. Understanding such individual differences will help to differentiate adaptive from dysfunctional cognitions in dealing with everyday problem situations, in general, and relationship situations, in particular. Furthermore, age/cohort differences in social schemas and beliefs and their relationship to causal reasoning has implications for understanding the nature of dysfunctional attributions and counseling couples of different age/cohort groups

描述（由研究者提供）：有证据表明老年人 很大程度上依赖于易于获取的基于特征的信息。然而，调查结果 日期并不表明老年人的社会判断偏差普遍增加 成年人。解释归因偏差的合理机制并不成立 仅限于处理能力，但包括动机目标和认知 风格以及信仰和价值观的可及性。例如，当信念或 规则被违反，任何年龄的成年人都倾向于倾向倾向 归因。这些影响在老年人中可能会加剧。然而，此时 没有明确的证据表明这些变量可以解释这样的年龄 差异。 本研究的目的是通过进一步研究来解决这个问题 两种背景下的归因偏差，因果归因框架和 态度归因范式。第一系列研究的目的是 1) 建立 新背景下的年龄差异社会判断偏差评估 对应偏差和 2) 检查合理的联合影响 解释这些年龄差异的机制：一般性的和特定内容的 价值观和信念、结束的需要以及处理负荷。下一个系列 研究旨在进一步完善先前使用的示意性测量 利用启动方法并系统地评估图式效价。在 这样，社会图式、人物认同的共同作用， 以及基于经验的年龄差异处理模式 可以检查性格偏见。这将最终导致复制和 我们原始的个体差异倾向模型的扩展 通过更完善的评估程序、更好的价值观和信仰衡量标准， 并利用两种评估范式来评估归因偏差。 从长远来看，这项研究将帮助我们了解态度、价值观、 信念影响一个人的社会推理过程。了解这样的 个体差异将有助于区分适应性和功能障碍 一般来说，处理日常问题情况的认知，以及 关系情况，尤其是。此外，年龄/队列差异 社会图式和信仰及其与因果推理的关系 对理解功能失调归因的本质的影响和 为不同年龄/群体的夫妇提供咨询