ATTRIBUTIONAL PROCESSES IN ADULTHOOD & AGING

成年时期的归因过程

• 批准号: 6831654
• 负责人: Fredda H. Blanchard-Fields
• 金额: $ 36.79万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6831654
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; aging; attribution; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; bias; clinical research; coping; emotional adjustment; experience; human old age (65+); human subject; interview; judgment; lifestyle; mental process; motivation; prejudice; problem solving; psychometrics; questionnaires; social change; social perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Evidence suggests that older adults rely heavily on easily accessible trait-based information. However, findings to date do not indicate universal increases in social judgment biases for older adults. Plausible mechanisms for explaining attributional biases are not limited to processing capacity, but include motivational goals and cognitive style, and accessibility of beliefs and values. For example, when beliefs or rules are violated, adults of any age tend to be biased toward dispositional attributions. These effects may be heightened in older adults. However, at this point there is no definitive evidence that these variables account for such age differences. The aim of this research is to address this issue by further examining attributional biases in two contexts, the causal attribution framework and the attitude attribution paradigm. The first series of studies aims 1) to establish age differences social judgment biases in a new context assessing the correspondence bias and 2) to examine the joint influence of plausible mechanisms accounting for these age differences: general and content-specific values and beliefs, need for closure, and processing load. The next series of studies aims to further refine the previously used schematicity measure utilizing a priming method and systematically evaluating schema valence. In this way, the joint effects of social schematicity, character identification, and experientially based modes of processing on age differences in dispositional biases can be examined. This will culminate in a replication and extension of our original model of individual differences dispositional biases with more refined assessment procedures, better measures of values and beliefs, and by utilizing two assessment paradigms for assessing attributional biases. In the long run, this research will help us understand how attitudes, values, and beliefs influence one's social reasoning process. Understanding such individual differences will help to differentiate adaptive from dysfunctional cognitions in dealing with everyday problem situations, in general, and relationship situations, in particular. Furthermore, age/cohort differences in social schemas and beliefs and their relationship to causal reasoning has implications for understanding the nature of dysfunctional attributions and counseling couples of different age/cohort groups

描述（调查员提供）：证据表明老年人 严重依赖易于访问的基于特质的信息。但是，发现 日期没有表明年龄较大的社会判断偏见的普遍增加 成年人。解释归因偏见的合理机制不是 仅限于处理能力，但包括动机目标和认知能力 信念和价值观的风格和可访问性。例如，当信仰或 规则违反，任何年龄的成年人都倾向于偏向性格 归因。这些影响可能会增强老年人。但是，这是 点没有确切的证据表明这些变量是这样的年龄 差异。 这项研究的目的是通过进一步检查解决这个问题 在两种情况下，因果归因框架和属性偏见 态度归因范式。第一个研究的目的1）建立 年龄差异社会判断在新的环境中偏见 对应偏见和2）检查合理的关节影响 考虑到这些年龄差异的机制：一般和特定于内容的机制 价值和信念，需要关闭以及处理负载。下一个系列 研究旨在进一步完善先前使用的示意图 利用启动方法并系统地评估模式价。在 这样，社会示意图，性格识别的联合影响， 以及基于体验的处理模式的年龄差异模式 可以检查性格偏见。这将最终以复制和 我们原始的个体差异模型的扩展处置偏见 采用更精致的评估程序，更好地衡量价值和信念， 并利用两个评估范例来评估归因偏见。 从长远来看，这项研究将帮助我们了解态度，价值观， 信念会影响一个人的社会推理过程。理解这样 个体差异将有助于区分自适应与功能失调 一般来说 尤其是关系情况。此外，年龄/队列的差异 社会图案和信念及其与因果推理的关系 理解功能失调归因的性质和 咨询不同年龄/队列组的夫妇