FUNCTIONAL AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF INTERVAL TIMING

间隔计时的功能和神经机制

• 批准号: 2890721
• 负责人: WARREN H MECK
• 金额: $ 16.86万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2890721
• 关键词: auditory stimulus; basal ganglia; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain mapping; cerebral cortex; cognition; experimental brain lesion; glutamate receptor; glutamine; laboratory rat; memory; microinjections; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropharmacology; neurotransmitter antagonist; psychomotor reaction time; temporal lobe /cortex; visual stimulus

(Adapted from applicant's abstract): The neural circuits that link the bas ganglia with the cerebral cortex are critically involved in the generation and control of temporal sequences of responses that are guided by an internal timing system that includes pacemaker, memory, and decision states. The input of the basal ganglia (that is the caudate and putamen) receive substantial projections from diverse regions of the cerebral cortex including motor, sensory, prefrontal, and limbic cortical areas. The outp nuclei of the basal ganglia (that is, the globus palladiums and the substantial Nigeria pars reticulate send their axons to the thalamus and, by this route, project back upon the cortex. Thus, a major aspect of basal ganglia circuitry is its participation in multiple open and closed loops wi the cerebral cortex. Our understanding of the organization of basal ganglia loops with the cerebral cortex has evolved considerably over the last 20 years. It is now believed that both cognitive and motor impairments result from damage to the basal ganglia, either studied with animal models or in the naturally occurring conditions of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and various types of focal lesions that occu as a result of stroke or accident. Attempts to separate the cognitive and motor components these various conditions has been hindered because it has been difficult to develop tests that were selectively sensitive to the types of dysfunctions presented by these subcortical dementias. Behavioral paradigms designed to study interval-timing mechanisms in and analogous fashion with both animals and humans have now been developed. Scalar Timing Theory is a mathematical model that describes formal properties of the analysis has successfully accounted for an extremely high percentage of the variance in behavior of both rats and humans. It has also led to the validation of a set of experimental procedures that can be used to separate the different psychological processes involved in interval timing. A battery of peak-interval timing procedures have been developed to evaluate basic temporal integration processes, temporal memory, and divided attention when auditory and visual stimuli are presented sequentially or simultaneously. By combining these behavioral procedures with the micro injection of series of selective gultamiergic receptor agonists or with placement of axon sparing lesions into specific nuclei of the basal ganglia an attempt will be made to map the neural circuitry involved in interval timing is represented by the ganglia thalamocortical loops.

（改编自申请人的摘要）：连接BAS的神经回路 具有大脑皮层的神经节与世代相传 并控制以响应的时间序列 内部计时系统，包括起搏器，内存和决策 国家。 基底神经节的输入（那是尾状和壳壳） 从大脑皮层的不同地区获得大量预测 包括运动，感觉，前额叶和边缘皮质区域。 淘汰 基底神经节的核（即钯和钯和 大量的尼日利亚网状脉冲将其轴突发送到丘脑，并 通过这条路线，将重新投射到皮质上。 因此，基础的主要方面 神经节电路是其参与多个开放和闭环WI 大脑皮层。 我们对基础组织的理解 神经节与大脑皮层循环已在 最近20年。 现在相信认知和运动 损害是由对基底神经节的损害造成的，要么研究 动物模型或帕金森氏症天然发生的条件 疾病，亨廷顿氏病和各种类型的局灶性病变 由于中风或事故。 试图分开认知和 电机组件这些各种条件受到阻碍，因为它 很难开发对对该测试的测试 这些皮质下痴呆症提出的功能障碍的类型。 行为范式旨在研究和纳入间隔的机制和 现在已经开发出与动物和人类的类似方式。 标量定时理论是一种数学模型，描述了形式 分析的属性成功地解释了极高的 大鼠和人类行为差异的百分比。 它有 还导致验证一组实验程序 用于区分间隔所涉及的不同心理过程 定时。 已经开发了一系列峰值间隔过程 评估基本的时间整合过程，时间内存和 出现听觉和视觉刺激时的注意力分开 顺序或同时。 通过结合这些行为程序 随着一系列选择性Gultamiergic受体的微注射 激动剂或将轴突保留病变放置在特定核中 基底神经节将尝试绘制神经电路 间隔时间涉及的丘脑皮层代表 循环。