PERINATAL CHOLINE AVAILABILITY, ATTENTION, AND AGING

围产期胆碱的可用性、注意力和衰老

• 批准号: 6098291
• 负责人: WARREN H MECK
• 金额: $ 22.26万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-04-15 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6098291
• 关键词: age difference; aging; animal old age; attention; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; choline; choline deficiency; conditioning; developmental neurobiology; dietary supplements; folate; folate deficiency; juvenile animal; laboratory rat; mature animal; memory; mother /embryo /fetus nutrition; neural information processing; neural plasticity; nutrition related tag; perinatal; visual perception; visual stimulus

The ability to attend to and use information accurately is very important and impairments of attention is indexed by conditioned stimulus processing profoundly disrupt an individual's life. These observations motivate research to understand the brain mechanisms involved in normal attentional processing, and the types of lifespan developmental changes that produce dysfunctions of conditioned stimulus processing and the ability to increment and decrement attention to auditory and visual cues. At the same time it is of critical importance to understand the early developmental stages that brain and behavior processes go through in terms of defining cognitive function in later life. Previous work in rats, monkeys, and humans has demonstrated that modification of frontal and temporal lobe structures, particularly the hippocampus and frontal cortex, produce behavioral changes that have some of the basic characteristics of an amnesic syndrome with associated dysfunctions in executive processes. The purpose of the present proposal is to extend our recent findings that indicate the potential for organization changes in brain structure that subserve conditioned stimulus processing by exposing the developing neurons system to different quantities of choline or folate; two nutrients shown to be critical to brain development. Previous research has shown that perinatal choline or folate supplementation leads to relatively permanent changes in the spatial ability of rats treated during specified periods (embryonic days 12-17 and postnatal days 15-30). The behavioral changes have been interpreted as reflecting an increase in memory capacity and precision. One of the major goals of our proposed research is to determine the role that attentional mechanisms play in behavioral facilitation and to determine if there are any negative consequences of these treatments that might be revealed by the recruitment of normal aging processes. In this regard, we will investigate the three possibilities that perinatal choline/folate supplementation/deficiency either have a) a positive effect on conditioned stimulus processing as a function of aging, b) a neutral effect on conditioned stimulus processing as a function of aging, or c) a negative effect on conditioned stimulus processing as a function of aging. These behavioral data will stimulate additional studies of the anatomical and neurochemical basis of the effects of aging on attention and memory.

准确地参加和使用信息的能力非常重要，并且有条件的刺激加工会严重破坏个人的生活。这些观察结果激发了研究，以了解正常注意力处理中涉及的大脑机制，以及产生条件刺激处理功能障碍的寿命变化的类型，以及对听觉和视觉提示的增加和减少注意力的能力。同时，了解大脑和行为过程在以后的生活中定义认知功能的早期发育阶段至关重要。先前在大鼠，猴子和人类中的工作表明，额叶和颞叶结构的修饰，尤其是海马和额叶皮层，产生的行为变化具有具有失忆综合征的某些基本特征，以及与执行过程中相关功能障碍的基本特征。本提案的目的是扩展我们最近的发现，表明通过将发育中的神经元系统暴露于不同量的胆碱或叶酸的情况下，这表明了组织变化的大脑结构变化。两种对大脑发育至关重要的营养素。先前的研究表明，围产期胆碱或叶酸的补充导致在指定期间治疗的大鼠的空间能力相对永久性变化（胚胎天第12-17天和产后日期15-30天）。行为变化已被解释为反映了记忆能力和精度的增加。我们拟议的研究的主要目标之一是确定注意力机制在行为促进中的作用，并确定这些治疗方法是否存在负面后果，这可能通过募集正常的衰老过程而揭示。在这方面，我们将调查围产期胆碱/叶酸补充/缺乏的三种可能性a）a）对条件刺激处理的积极影响，b）对条件刺激加工的中性效应，对条件刺激的处理，作为衰老的功能，是衰老的功能或c）对条件刺激加工作为衰老的函数的负面影响。这些行为数据将刺激对衰老对注意力和记忆的影响的解剖学和神经化学基础的其他研究。