Molecular mechanisms of an olfactory memory relevant to species survival

与物种生存相关的嗅觉记忆的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
08456154
负责人：
KABA Hideto
金额：
$ 4.74万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456154/
关键词：
olfactory memory accessory olfactory bulb nitric oxide metabotropic glutamate receptor postsynaptic density gene targeting Pregnancy block mouse フェロモンの記憶一酸化炭素ノルアドレナリンフェロモン記憶

项目摘要

Female mice form an olfactory memory of the pheromones of the male with which they mate. This olfactory memory is of critical biological importance, because it prevents any subsequent exposure to this male's pheromones from initiating neuroendocrine mechanisms that would terminate pregnancy. Pheromones from strange males, for which no memory has been formed, induce pregnacy block by activating the accessory olfactory system by way of the vomeronasal receptors. Memory formation depends on cervicovaginal stimulation at mating, but requires a prolonged exposure of 4 to 6 h to male phernomones immediately after mating. The memory formation depends on mating-induced activation of noradrenergic terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), the first relay in the accessory olfactory pathway. This memory lasts for at least 30 days following mating. The synaptic changes underlying this memory formation occur in the AOB.In the AOB,mitral cells, when activated by vomeronasal nerve inputs, depo … More larize granule cells by means of glutamate released at the dendrodendritic synapses. This depolarization releases gamma-aminobutyric acid from the granule cells which in turn hyperpolarize the mitral cells. Recent studies have implicated the mitral-to-granule dendrodendritic synapse in the formation of the memory. In this study we have obtained the following results.1.Exogenous administration of nitric oxide can induce a pheromone-specific olfactory memory without mating, and that this memory is mediated, at least in part, by noradrenaline. In addition, activation of endogenous nitric oxide synthase activity produces the same effect.2.In collaboration with Drs.Ichikawa, Mori and Matsuoka, we demonstrate that the size of the mitral-to-granule asymmetrical synapse is significantly larger in the group that has formed the memory than in the group that has not formed the memory.3.We have previously demonstrated that activation of mGluR2, a metabotropic glutamate receptor, in the AOB permits the formation of a pheromone-specific memory. Preliminary experiments suggest impairment of the olfactory memory in mice lacking mGluR2. Less

雌性小鼠会对与其交配的雄性小鼠形成信息素的嗅觉记忆，这种嗅觉记忆具有至关重要的生物学意义，因为它可以防止随后接触该雄性信息素而启动神经内分泌机制，从而终止来自陌生雄性的信息素。对于尚未形成记忆的情况，通过犁鼻受体激活辅助嗅觉系统来诱导妊娠阻滞。记忆形成取决于。交配时宫颈阴道刺激，但交配后需要立即长时间暴露于雄性信息素 4 至 6 小时，记忆形成取决于交配诱导的副嗅球 (AOB) 中去甲肾上腺素能末端的激活，这是副嗅觉的第一个中继。这种记忆在交配后持续至少 30 天，这种记忆形成的突触变化发生在 AOB 中。通过犁鼻神经输入激活，通过树突突触释放的谷氨酸使颗粒细胞沉积，这种去极化从颗粒细胞中释放出γ-氨基丁酸，从而使二尖瓣细胞超极化。颗粒树突突触在记忆的形成中我们得到了以下结论。结果 1.外源性给予一氧化氮可以诱导信息素特异性嗅觉记忆，而无需交配，并且这种记忆至少部分是由去甲肾上腺素介导的。此外，内源性一氧化氮合酶活性的激活也会产生相同的效果。 2.与Ichikawa、Mori和Matsuoka博士合作，我们证明了该组中二尖瓣到颗粒不对称突触的尺寸明显更大3.我们之前已经证明，AOB 中代谢型谷氨酸受体 mGluR2 的激活可以形成信息素特异性记忆。缺乏 mGluR2 的小鼠的嗅觉记忆能力较差。