GENETIC AND BREEDING STUDIES ON AMYLOPECTIN MUTANTS IN RICE

水稻支链淀粉突变体的遗传与育种研究

基本信息

批准号：
08456004
负责人：
SATOH Hikaru
金额：
$ 5.12万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456004/
关键词：
RICE ENDOSPERM STARCH AMYLOPECTIN MUTANT STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS ENZYME BREEDING GENE ANALYSIS MNU TREATMENT 枝作り酵素 SDS-PAGE 胚乳でんぷん枝つくり酵素 MNU授精卵処理

项目摘要

Amylopectin is a major constituent of starch, being about 80%, in rice and therefore, will be expected to affect greatly on the eating quality of cooked rice and the processing properties for industrial use. In spite of this importance, little attention has, so far, put on amylopectin in rice breeding, because of limited numbers of the information for related genes modifying amylopectin structure and of the genetic resources in amylopectin. In this research, we tried to induce the mutants for amylopectin by MNU treatment of fertilized egg cells in rice and to characterize the genetic and physicochemical properties for using them as breeding materials.We developed and devised the speedy and simplified methods for the iodine colorimetric measurement of starch/iodine complex using the microprocessor controlled diode array spectrograph DU 7000 Spectrophotometer (Beckman), SDS-PAGE analysis of starch biosynthesis related enzyme proteins, Native-PAGE/Activity staining for amylopectin biosynt … More hesis related enzymes such as starch branching enzymes, starch debranching enzymes, starch synthase and pullanase, and the measurement of starch gelatinization using urea. Using these methods, we screened the mutant strains induced by MNU treatment of fertilized egg cells of three kinds of two Japonica rice cultivar, Kinmaze and Taichung 65, and a Indica rice cultivar IR36, and obtained various kinds of mutants modifying the amylopectin structure of endosperm starch, such as amylose extender (ae), floury 1(flo 1), floury 2(flo 2), floury 3(flo 3), floury 4(flo 4), sugary 1(sug 1) etc. The structural and physicochemical analyses of endosperm starches in these mutants shows that the changes in branching structure of amylopectin modified more greatly than the amylose content on the processing properties of starch such as the gelatinization or swelling of starch, which greatly affects the cooking quality of boiled rice and the industrial processing quality of rice starch. These facts indicates strongly the great importance of genetic resources for amylopectin in the breeding to improve the grain quality in rice. The results obtained in this research will play the important rolls not only as breeding materials improving the grain quality in rice but also as the materials of academic researches comprehending the genetic and biochemical regulation of amylopectin biosynthesis. Less

支链淀粉是大米中淀粉的主要成分，约占80%，因此预计会对米饭的食用品质和工业用途的加工性能产生很大影响，尽管如此重要，但很少受到关注。由于支链淀粉结构修饰相关基因的信息和支链淀粉遗传资源有限，目前在水稻育种中使用支链淀粉，本研究尝试通过诱导支链淀粉突变体。 MNU 处理水稻受精卵细胞，并表征其遗传和理化特性，以便将其用作育种材料。我们开发并设计了使用微处理器控制的二极管阵列摄谱仪 DU 快速、简化地测量淀粉/碘复合物的碘比色方法7000 分光光度计 (Beckman)，淀粉生物合成相关酶蛋白的 SDS-PAGE 分析，Native-PAGE/Activity 染色支链淀粉生物合成酶……更多与淀粉分支酶、淀粉脱支酶、淀粉合成酶和支链淀粉酶等相关的酶，以及使用尿素测量淀粉糊化作用，我们筛选了MNU处理三种受精卵细胞诱导的突变株。两种粳稻品种 Kinmaze 和 Taichung 65 以及籼稻品种 IR36，以及获得了多种改变胚乳淀粉支链结构的突变体，如直链淀粉增量剂(ae)、面粉1(flo 1)、面粉2(flo 2)、面粉3(flo 3)、面粉4(flo 4)、糖1(sug 1)等。这些突变体中胚乳淀粉的结构和理化分析表明，分枝结构的变化支链淀粉对强淀粉的糊化、溶胀等加工性能的改变比直链淀粉含量更大，极大地影响了米饭的蒸煮品质和大米淀粉的工业加工品质，这些事实表明遗传的重要性。本研究成果不仅可以作为水稻籽粒品质改良育种材料，而且可以作为水稻籽粒品质改良的学术研究材料。支链淀粉生物合成的生化调节较少。