Development of a genetic system to introduce alien useful genes into common wheat and to determine their loci

开发遗传系统，将外来有用基因引入普通小麦并确定其基因座

基本信息

批准号：
07556132
负责人：
ENDO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556132/
关键词：
Chromosomal rearrangement rye common wheat C-band PCR secalin in situ hybridization

项目摘要

Recently, Endo (1999) found that certain genes or chromosomes derived from wild species related to wheat induce chromosomal structural mutations in common wheat with high frequencies, and established a genetic system inducing chromosomal rearrangements. The present study aimed at generating deletion and translocation lines of a rye chromosome, which would be useful for the genetics and breeding of wheat, by applying the genetic system. After the two-year research we have achieved 1) the production of wheat lines with rye chromosome 1R in which chromosomal mutations occur and 2) the establishment of detection methods of structural changes involving chromosome 1R.As to 1), first, we crossed a wheat cultivar with a substitution of chromosome 1R for wheat chromosome 1B to an addition line of wheat with 3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis, and selected derivatives with a chromosome constitution, 2n=43 (20"+1""1R+1'3C) : Chromosome mutations are expected to occur in the progeny. Further, we selected derivative plants with 2n=44 (20"+1"1R+1"3C). Crosses between 2n=44 plants and the 1R/1B substitution cultivar would yield hybrids (20"+1"1R+1'3C) that would produce progeny carrying chromosomal mutations, involving those in chromosome 1R.Using these wheat lines, we will be able to conduct the screening of 1R structural changes in a large scale. As to 2), we demonstrated that C-banding is an effective technique to detect 1R terminal deletions, and that in situ hybridization can identify the rye segments involved in translocation with wheat chromosomes. Further, we established a PCR-based method to detect a gene for secalin, a seed storage protein, which is located on the satellite of chromosome 1R.By using these cytogenetical techniques we expect to be able to identify effectively structural changes involving chromosome 1R.

最近，Endo(1999)发现源自与小麦相关的野生物种的某些基因或染色体在普通小麦中高频率地诱导染色体结构突变，并建立了诱导染色体重排的遗传系统。本研究旨在通过应用遗传系统产生黑麦染色体的缺失和易位系，这将有助于小麦的遗传和育种。经过两年的研究，我们实现了1）产生带有黑麦1R染色体且发生染色体突变的小麦品系，2）建立了涉及1R染色体的结构变化的检测方法。对于1），首先，我们杂交了[0072] 将小麦染色体1B替换为染色体1R的小麦品种，以及具有三节山羊草3C染色体的小麦附加系，以及具有染色体构成的选定衍生物， 2n=43(20"+1""1R+1'3C)：预计后代中会发生染色体突变。此外，我们选择了2n=44(20"+1"1R+1"3C)的衍生植物。 2n=44 株植物和 1R/1B 替代品种之间的杂交将产生杂种 (20"+1"1R+1'3C)，该杂种将产生携带染色体突变的后代，涉及染色体 1R 中的突变。使用这些小麦品系，我们将能够大规模筛选1R结构变化。至于2），我们证明C显带是检测1R末端缺失的有效技术，并且原位杂交可以识别与小麦染色体易位有关的黑麦片段。此外，我们建立了一种基于 PCR 的方法来检测位于 1R 染色体卫星上的 secalin（一种种子储存蛋白）基因。通过使用这些细胞遗传学技术，我们期望能够有效地识别涉及 1R 染色体的结构变化。