Development of a genetic system to introduce alien useful genes into common wheat and to determine their loci

开发遗传系统，将外来有用基因引入普通小麦并确定其基因座

基本信息

批准号：
07556132
负责人：
ENDO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556132/
关键词：
Chromosomal rearrangement rye common wheat C-band PCR secalin in situ hybridization

项目摘要

Recently, Endo (1999) found that certain genes or chromosomes derived from wild species related to wheat induce chromosomal structural mutations in common wheat with high frequencies, and established a genetic system inducing chromosomal rearrangements. The present study aimed at generating deletion and translocation lines of a rye chromosome, which would be useful for the genetics and breeding of wheat, by applying the genetic system. After the two-year research we have achieved 1) the production of wheat lines with rye chromosome 1R in which chromosomal mutations occur and 2) the establishment of detection methods of structural changes involving chromosome 1R.As to 1), first, we crossed a wheat cultivar with a substitution of chromosome 1R for wheat chromosome 1B to an addition line of wheat with 3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis, and selected derivatives with a chromosome constitution, 2n=43 (20"+1""1R+1'3C) : Chromosome mutations are expected to occur in the progeny. Further, we selected derivative plants with 2n=44 (20"+1"1R+1"3C). Crosses between 2n=44 plants and the 1R/1B substitution cultivar would yield hybrids (20"+1"1R+1'3C) that would produce progeny carrying chromosomal mutations, involving those in chromosome 1R.Using these wheat lines, we will be able to conduct the screening of 1R structural changes in a large scale. As to 2), we demonstrated that C-banding is an effective technique to detect 1R terminal deletions, and that in situ hybridization can identify the rye segments involved in translocation with wheat chromosomes. Further, we established a PCR-based method to detect a gene for secalin, a seed storage protein, which is located on the satellite of chromosome 1R.By using these cytogenetical techniques we expect to be able to identify effectively structural changes involving chromosome 1R.

最近，Endo（1999）发现，与小麦相关的野生物种衍生的某些基因或染色体诱导较高频率的常见小麦染色体结构突变，并建立了诱导染色体重排的遗传系统。本研究旨在通过应用遗传系统来产生黑麦染色体的缺失和易位线，这对于小麦的遗传和繁殖非常有用。经过两年的研究，我们获得了1）用黑麦染色体1R的小麦生产，其中发生了染色体突变，并且2）建立涉及1R.AS染色体的结构变化的检测方法，首先，我们越过小麦品种，用镀铬的镀铬物种的杂种1B的替代品越过了小麦味的Chromomosome 1b的替代品。具有染色体构成的三腔和选定的衍生物，2n = 43（20“ +1” 1R+1'3C）：期望在后代中发生染色体突变。此外，我们选择了具有2N = 44（20“ +1” 1R+1“ 3C）的衍生物植物。在2n = 44植物和1R/1B取代品种之间的杂交将产生杂种（20“ +1” 1R+1'3C），会产生携带染色体突变的后代染色体突变，涉及1R染色体的小麦线，我们将能够在大尺度上进行1R结构变化。关于2），我们证明了C带是一种检测1R末端缺失的有效技术，并且原位杂交可以鉴定与小麦染色体易位的黑麦片段。此外，我们建立了一种基于PCR的方法来检测Secalin的基因，Scalin是一种种子储存蛋白，该方法位于1R染色体的卫星上。通过使用这些细胞遗传学技术，我们希望能够鉴定有效的结构性变化，该结构变化涉及1R染色体。