Collaborative Research: Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Control of Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

合作研究：控制饮用水中碘消毒副产物的高级氧化工艺

• 批准号: 2308711
• 负责人: Tao Ye
• 金额: $ 26.22万
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308711&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Advanced; Oxidation; Processes

Chemical oxidants such as chlorine are widely utilized as disinfectants to inactivate waterborne pathogens in conventional water treatment processes. However, chlorine can react with various background constituents in drinking water sources (e.g., natural organic matter, bromide, and iodide) to form undesirable and toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Currently, the US EPA regulates the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) of 11 DBPs in drinking water including 4 trihalomethanes (THMs), 5 haloacetic acids (HAAs), bromate (BrO-3), and chlorite (ClO2-). Unregulated iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs) are receiving increased attention as they are significantly more toxic than the regulated DBPs and can damage cells and DNA. I-DBPs are formed when chemical oxidants such as chlorine react with iodine and iodinated compounds (e.g., iodinated X-ray contrast media) during the disinfection of drinking water sources. Thus, the oxidation and conversion of iodine and iodinated compounds (ICs) to iodate (IO3–), a nontoxic source of iodine nutritional trace element, has emerged as a promising unit process to control and mitigate the formation of I-DBPs in water treatment systems. However, the ability of current water treatment processes to efficiently convert iodine and ICs to iodate suffer from several challenges including the concurrent oxidation of bromide to bromate and toxic brominated DBPs, and the incomplete transformation of iodine/ICs to iodate which can also lead to the formation of I-DBPs and other regulated DBPs in the final product water. The goal of this collaborative project is to explore the development of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and integrated treatment trains that can efficiently oxidize and convert iodine and ICs to iodate while minimizing and preventing the formation of toxic I-DBPs and regulated DBPs in the product drinking water. The successful completion of this project will benefit society through the development of new fundamental knowledge that could guide the design and deployment of more effective water treatment processes and systems for mitigating and eliminating and the formation of I-DBPs during water disinfection. Additional benefits to society will be achieved through student education and training including the mentoring of one graduate student and one undergraduate at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and one graduate student at South Dakota State University. Iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) formed in drinking water treatment are highly toxic at low concentrations and have been found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic. Iodide (I–) and iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are the two most common iodine sources that can react with disinfectants (e.g., chlorine and chloramines) to produce I-DBPs during drinking water treatment. The oxidation and conversion of iodine and iodinated compounds such as ICM to iodate (IO3–), a nontoxic source of iodine nutritional trace element, has emerged as promising unit process to control and mitigate the formation of I-DBPs in water treatment systems. The overarching goal of this project is to advance the fundamental science and engineering knowledge required to control emerging I-DBPs and regulated DBPs in drinking water treatment through careful selection and optimization of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and integration of the AOPs with conventional processes. The core guiding hypothesis of the proposed research is that the successful control of emerging I-DBPs and regulated DBPs in drinking water treatment systems would require the efficient oxidation and conversion of iodine species and iodinated compounds to iodate, the careful management of bromide formation, and the partial (decent) removal of NOM (Natural Organic Matter), a DBP precursor, prior to disinfection. The specific objectives of the research are to 1) to investigate the utilization of AOPs, including ferrate (Fe[VI]), ozone (O3), UV photolysis, and UV photolysis with O3, to optimize the oxidation of iodine and ICM to iodate; 2) investigate the integration of AOPs with conventional processes, including chlorination, and activated carbon sorption, to minimize the formation of both I-DBPs and regulated DBPs; and 3) develop analytical methods for measurement of iodine species and I-DBPs to unravel and quantify the transformation pathways of iodine and ICM to I-DBPs and total organic iodine. The successful completion of this project has the potential to advance the fundamental understanding of the reactivity and transformations of inorganic and organic iodine species/compounds by AOPs to guide the design and development of iodine source-specific treatment processes for effective mitigation of both I-DBPs and regulated DBPs in water treatment systems. To implement the education and training goals of this project, the Principal Investigators (PIs) propose to leverage existing programs at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT) and South Dakota State University to recruit and mentor female students to work on the project. In addition, the PIs plan to interact and collaborate with drinking water treatment professionals to address water quality challenges in South Dakota, engage in local community outreach events, and collaborate with the SDSMT Ivanhoe International Center to engage and mentor international students from the African continent.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在常规水处理过程中，化学氧化剂（例如氯）被广泛用作消毒剂。但是，氯可以与饮用水源（例如天然有机物，溴化物和碘化物）中的各种背景成分反应，形成不良和有毒的消毒副产品（DBPS）。目前，美国EPA在饮用水中调节11 dbps的最大污染物水平（MCL），包括4个三脑甲烷（THMS），5个卤乙酸（HAAS），溴酸盐（BRO-3）和氯酸盐（Clo2-）。不受管制的碘DBP（I-DBP）受到了越来越多的注意力，因为它们的毒性明显比受调节的DBP的毒性明显高，并且会损害细胞和DNA。当化学氧化剂（例如氯与碘和碘化化合物（例如，碘化的X射线对比介质））在饮用水源消毒期间，I-DBP会形成。这是碘和碘化化合物（ICS）的氧化和转化，碘（IO3-）是碘营养痕量元素的无毒来源，已成为控制和减轻水处理系统中I-DBP形成的有望单位过程。但是，当前水处理过程有效转化碘和IC碘化的能力遇到了几个挑战，包括将溴化物的并发氧化与溴和有毒的溴化溴DBP的氧化，以及将碘/ICS对碘化的不完整转化，也可能导致I-DBPS的形成以及其他调节的DBP中的其他最终产品。该协作项目的目的是探索高级氧化过程（AOP）和综合治疗列车的开发，这些列车可以有效地氧化并转化碘和IC，同时最大程度地减少和防止有毒的I-DBP的形成并在产品饮用水中调节的DBP。成功完成该项目将通过发展新的基本知识来使社会受益，这些知识可以指导和部署更有效的水处理过程和系统，以减轻和消除水中的I-DBP，并形成I-DBP。将通过学生的教育和培训来实现社会的其他好处，包括在南达科他州矿业和技术学校的一名研究生和一名本科生的心理以及南达科他州立大学的一名研究生。在饮用水处理中形成的碘化消毒副产品（I-DBP）在低浓度下剧毒，并且被发现是细胞毒性和遗传毒性的。碘化物（I-）和碘化X射线对比介质（ICM）是两个最常见的碘来源，可以与消毒剂（例如氯和氯胺）反应，以在饮用水处理过程中产生I-DBP。碘和碘化化合物的氧化和转化，例如ICM碘化物（IO3-），这是碘营养痕量元素的无毒来源，已作为承诺的单位过程出现，以控制和减轻水处理系统中I-DBP的形成。该项目的总体目标是通过仔细选择和优化高级氧化过程（AOP）以及将AOP与常规过程整合到饮用水处理中所需的基本科学和工程知识，以控制新出现的I-DBP和调节DBP。拟议研究的核心指导假设是，在饮用水处理系统中，成功控制了新出现的I-DBP和受调节的DBP，需要有效地氧化和转化碘和碘化化合物，以碘的认真管理，对溴化物的形成的仔细管理以及部分（正常的）nom（自然有机物），以前的dbp presforsor，以前。研究的具体目标是1）研究AOP的利用，包括铁酸酯（Fe [Vi]），臭氧（O3），紫外光解和O3的UV光解，以优化碘和ICM的氧化氧化; 2）研究AOP与包括氯化和活性炭焊接在内的常规过程的整合，以最大程度地减少I-DBP和受调节DBP的形成； 3）开发用于测量碘和I-DBP的分析方法，以阐明和量化碘和ICM对I-DBPS和总有机碘的转化途径。该项目的成功完成有可能通过AOPS提高对无机和有机碘的反应性和转化的基本理解，以指导水处理系统中I-DBP和受调节的DBP的碘特异性治疗过程的设计和开发。为了实施该项目的教育和培训目标，首席研究人员（PIS）提案要利用南达科他州矿业与技术学院（SDSMT）和南达科他州立大学的现有计划来招募和精神女学生来从事该项目。 In addition, the PIs plan to interact and collaborate with drinking water treatment professionals to address water quality challenges in South Dakota, engage in local community outreach events, and collaborate with the SDSMT Ivanhoe International Center to engage and mental international students from the African continent.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed precious of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.