RAPID: Collaborative Research: The Impact of COVID-19 on Norms, Risk-taking, Information, and Trust

RAPID：协作研究：COVID-19 对规范、风险承担、信息和信任的影响

• 批准号: 2027548
• 负责人: Catherine Eckel
• 金额: $ 5.25万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2027548&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Impact; COVID

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has hit countries around the world hard and is likely to have both short-run and long-run impacts on health behaviors, social norms, and trust in government and other organizations. In the short run, governments and health organizations provide extensive information and recommend behavior to avoid contracting the disease and spreading it to others. This research involves surveys to figure out whether and to what extent people follow recommendations and change behavior. Because the research team has been following a sample of university students for several years, the team already knows a lot about them, and this facilitates an understanding of variation in compliance with recommendations. For example, risk-tolerance and trust in organizations are likely to matter. The team is exploring how people process information about the virus, and how that affects their beliefs about the risks to themselves and others. The researchers also are examining the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on social norms, and how those change over time. The second wave of the study looks for longer run impacts. The results of this study will be useful in shaping future policies and communications about health risks, especially during epidemics and other health crises. The researchers make use of previous samples of subjects to test the impact of COVID-19 information and recommendations on behavior, social norms, trust in each other and institutions, and risk-tolerance. They have four areas of study. The first is how people process “noisy” information in the context of COVID-19. Prior research by a team member has shown that some individuals tend to misunderstand such information to their benefit. The teams adapt the methodology and protocol of the prior work to examine how individuals interpret COVID-19 information, and how this affects their beliefs about their own vulnerabilities. Second, the team studies the impact of COVID-19 on norms of behavior, including those directly related to the virus (social distancing, hand-washing), as well as norms of trust, sharing and in-group favoritism that may be shifting or newly emerging in response to COVID19. Prior work by a team member developed a methodology for eliciting social norms, and has shown that norms evolve in response to social influence. Third, they explore the impact of COVID-19 on interpersonal trust and trust in institutions, which significantly impacts willingness to follow government and organizational recommendations. Prior work by team members used incentivized games and surveys to study trust and reciprocity in natural disaster settings. Finally, they look at risk perception and risk taking related to COVID-19. Using incentivized measures of risk tolerance, and survey measures of domain-specific risk perceptions and behavior, the team explores the relationship between risk aversion and behavior, but also how the advent of COVID-19 has changed preferences for risk-taking. In these ways prior knowledge about the subjects provides an opportunity to study the impact of a national health catastrophe on information processing, social norms, trust and reciprocity and risk-taking.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）对世界各国造成了沉重打击，并可能对健康行为、社会规范以及对政府和其他组织的信任产生短期和长期影响。和卫生组织提供广泛的信息并建议行为，以避免感染疾病并将其传播给他人。这项研究涉及调查，以确定人们是否以及在多大程度上遵循建议和改变行为，因为研究小组一直在跟踪大学样本。学生多年，团队已经对他们了解很多，并且这有助于了解遵守建议的变化，例如，该团队正在探索人们如何处理有关病毒的信息，以及这如何影响他们对自身和风险的信念。研究人员还在研究 COVID-19 爆发对社会规范的影响，以及这些影响如何随着时间的推移而变化。这项研究的结果将有助于制定未来的政策。以及有关健康风险的沟通，特别是在流行病和其他健康风险期间研究人员利用之前的受试者样本来测试 COVID-19 信息和建议对行为、社会规范、彼此和机构的信任以及风险承受能力的影响。团队成员之前的研究表明，人们在 COVID-19 背景下如何处理“嘈杂”信息，结果表明，有些人往往会为了自己的利益而误解这些信息。团队采用了之前工作的方法和协议来研究个人如何处理这些信息。解读 COVID-19 信息，以及如何解读其次，该团队研究了 COVID-19 对行为规范的影响，包括与病毒直接相关的行为规范（社交距离、洗手），以及信任、分享和参与的规范。 -为了应对新冠病毒，群体偏爱可能会发生变化或新出现。团队成员之前的工作开发了一种引出社会规范的方法，并表明规范会随着社会影响而演变。第三，他们探讨了新冠病毒的影响。 19关于人际信任和对他人的信任机构，这极大地影响了遵循政府和组织建议的意愿。团队成员之前的工作使用激励游戏和调查来研究自然灾害环境中的信任和互惠。最后，他们研究了与 COVID-19 相关的风险认知和风险承担。通过风险承受能力的激励措施，以及特定领域风险认知和行为的调查措施，该团队探讨了风险厌恶和行为之间的关系，以及 COVID-19 的出现如何通过这些方式改变了冒险偏好。有关学科的知识提供了一个研究全国性健康灾难对信息处理、社会规范、信任和互惠以及风险承担的影响的机会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。