GOALI: Collaborative Research: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Microstructural and Electrochemical Stability of Solid Oxide Cells

GOALI：协作研究：固体氧化物电池微观结构和电化学稳定性的实验和理论研究

• 批准号: 1912151
• 负责人: Katsuyo Thornton
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1912151&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Collaborative; Research; Experimental; Theoretical

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Solid oxide cells are a rapidly developing technology for clean efficient conversion of fuels-to-electricity and electricity-to-fuels. While much of the development has been as solid oxide fuel cells for stationary power generation, important new applications have emerged that are critical for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including electricity storage, conversion of renewable electricity to fuels, and fuel-flexible range extenders for electric vehicles. A key barrier to more widespread application of solid oxide cells is their limited operating lifetime - more research is needed to understand and ultimately mitigate degradation mechanisms that limit lifetime. This project provides a fundamental understanding of degradation processes that complements more practical studies, e.g., long-term fuel cell life tests, being carried out in industry. The project is achieving this understanding by developing and testing theoretical models based on measurements of device performance degradation and three-dimensional imaging of device damage. The project involves an industrial partner, Nissan, Inc., ensuring that cells are tested under application-relevant conditions. The results are relevant to many research communities, ranging from modelers who can utilize three-dimensional data and simulation methods, to industrial developers who can use the results to help improve their fuel cells. Graduate, undergraduate, and high-school students receive extensive training that will be valuable in their future careers - they find employment in energy-related industries, auto manufacturers, and many others. Student diversity is emphasized. Dissemination of the challenges and results with the public occur through two forums: Science Cafe in Evanston and the Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum, the latter attracts youngsters from surrounding communities that are disadvantaged (e.g., Ypsilanti) and/or rural (majority of communities in Washtenaw and its surrounding counties).TECHNICAL DETAILS: This project focuses on solid oxide cell performance and long-term stability; this is currently relevant because new applications involving cyclic operation introduce new degradation mechanisms. Three-dimensional imaging of fuel cell structure is carried out using focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy, atom-probe tomography, and transmission X-ray microscopy, the latter done in a way that directly observes structural and chemical changes due to cell operation. These images are combined with three-dimensional simulations of electrode performance and structural evolution based on the phase field modeling, which will utilize high performance computing. This addresses a key challenge - to develop simulation models based on microstructural changes observed in short accelerated tests, and then apply them to accurately predict long-term (beyond 5 years) performance changes. This combination of 3D microstructures, validated simulation tools, and computationally intensive data analysis provides a framework that is broadly useful for design and discovery of electrode materials. Students receive training in state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical research methods, and directly interact with industrial and national laboratory researchers, the latter to utilize powerful three-dimensional imaging capabilities at Argonne and Brookhaven National Laboratories.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术描述：固体氧化物细胞是一项快速发展的技术，用于清洁电源到电力和电力到燃料的有效转化。尽管大部分开发都是固定的氧化物燃料电池，但出现了重要的新应用，这些应用对于减少温室气体排放至关重要，包括电力存储，可再生电力转换为燃料以及电动汽车的燃料燃料范围扩展器。固体氧化物细胞更广泛地应用的关键障碍是它们的工作寿命有限 - 需要更多的研究来了解并最终减轻限制寿命的降解机制。该项目提供了对退化过程的基本理解，该过程补充了更多实用研究，例如在行业中进行的长期燃料电池生命测试。该项目是通过基于设备性能降解和设备损坏的三维成像的测量来开发和测试理论模型来实现这种理解的。该项目涉及工业合作伙伴Nissan，Inc。，以确保在相关条件下对细胞进行测试。结果与许多研究社区有关，从可以利用三维数据和仿真方法的建模者到可以使用结果来帮助改善其燃料电池的工业开发人员。毕业生，本科和高中生接受广泛的培训，这些培训在未来的职业中很有价值 - 他们在能源相关的行业，汽车制造商等人中找到了工作。强调学生的多样性。传播公众的挑战和结果，通过两个论坛发生：埃文斯顿的科学咖啡馆和安阿伯动手博物馆，后者吸引了来自周围社区的年轻人，这些社区是弱势群体（例如，Ypsilanti）（例如，Ypsilanti）和/或农村（washtenaw及其周边地区的大多数社区）。目前这是相关的，因为涉及循环操作的新应用程序引入了新的退化机制。燃料电池结构的三维成像是使用聚焦离子束 - 扫描电子显微镜，原子探针断层扫描和透射X射线显微镜进行的，后者以直接观察细胞操作引起的结构和化学变化的方式进行。这些图像与基于相位场建模的电极性能和结构演化的三维模拟结合使用，该模型将利用高性能计算。这是一个关键挑战 - 基于在短加速测试中观察到的微观结构变化开发模拟模型，然后将其应用于准确预测长期（超过5年）性能变化。 3D微结构，经过验证的仿真工具和计算密集型数据分析的组合提供了一个框架，该框架对于设计和发现电极材料广泛有用。学生接受了最先进的实验和理论研究方法的培训，并直接与工业和国家实验室研究人员进行互动，后者在Argonne和Brookhaven国家实验室中利用强大的三维成像能力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估基金会的智力效果，并通过评估了CRCRITAIL和BRODIT and IFFAINS和BRODITAIL和BRODITAIL和BRODITAIL和BRODITAIL和BRODITIAL和BRODITAIL和BRODITAILATIAL和BRODITAIL and BRADITAIL。

项目成果

Simulation of the diffusional impedance and application to the characterization of electrodes with complex microstructures

扩散阻抗模拟及其在复杂微结构电极表征中的应用

• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136534
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Electrochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Yu, Hui-Chia;Adler, Stuart B.;Barnett, Scott A.;Thornton, K.
• 通讯作者: Thornton, K.

Towards the Validation of a Phase Field Model for Ni Coarsening in Solid Oxide Cells

• DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116887
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Acta Materialia
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: M. Trini;S. D. Angelis;Peter Stanley Jørgensen;P. Hendriksen;Katsuyo Thornton;Ming Chen