Structure and organisation of the economy and society in the East Frisian coastal area during the early Middle Ages: The settlement area at Dunum, in the District of Wittmund, is taken as a regional model

中世纪早期东弗里斯兰沿海地区经济和社会的结构和组织：以维特蒙德区杜努姆的聚居区为区域模型

• 批准号: 235130850
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/235130850?language=en
• 关键词: Structure; organisation; economy; society; East

The finds and features unearthed in the course of the archaeological study of settlements have shown that the communities settled in the southern part of the North Sea coastal region in the early Middle Ages played a special role in the organisation of supra-regional communication and trade. The extremely fertile pasture and arable land at the junction between the marshes and the areas of Pleistocene sandy soil permitted the production and processing of numerous agricultural commodities, far beyond the quantities required for mere subsistence. High-quality textiles were a particularly important item in the range of products. These textiles, known in contemporary sources as pallia fresonica, were traded via a wide-spread distribution network that covered large parts of central and northern Europe. Following a model generated by Detlev Ellmers, it is generally assumed that this trade was first organised by decentralized itinerant traders attached to feudal territories in the early Middle Ages and then developed into a system of trading centres with locally based professional craftsmen. However, the validity of this model has not been properly tested and neither a detailed analysis of the identifiable developments in the coastal regions during the early Middle Ages nor an investigation of the social and economic structures behind these developments has yet been undertaken. These are the subject of the project for which application is made here. The starting point is the area around Dunum, in the District of Wittmund, where a certain number of investigations into the vegetation, landscape and settlement history have already been carried out. During the early Middle Ages, this was a settlement area surrounded by lowlands and moors with direct access to the North Sea. Although there were at least eight separate settlements, the inhabitants buried their dead in a common graveyard from the 7th to 10th century, i.e. well beyond the phase of the first missionary efforts. The graveyard has already been almost completely investigated archaeologically. These earlier investigations revealed that the graves had been extensively covered by plaggen soil, which not only protected them from modern agricultural activity but also created a favourable chemical milieu for the preservation of metal grave goods and the organic substances adhering to them. The Dunum settlement area thus provides an excellent opportunity to test Ellmers above-mentioned model as well as to seek new information on the early medieval economy and the spiritual world attached to the countryside (imaginary landscapes) and their evolution. It can be assumed that the insights obtained within the framework of this project into the socio-cultural interaction among the inhabitants of this border area at the junction of the Pleistocene sandy soil and the marshes can be used as a model in understanding other settlement areas in the southern North Sea coastal region.

聚落考古研究中出土的发现和特征表明，中世纪早期北海南部沿海地区的聚居社区在跨区域交流和贸易的组织中发挥了特殊的作用。沼泽和更新世沙土地区交界处极其肥沃的牧场和耕地，可以生产和加工大量农产品，远远超出了仅仅维持生计所需的数量。高品质纺织品是产品系列中特别重要的产品。这些纺织品在当代被称为 pallia fresonica，通过覆盖中欧和北欧大部分地区的广泛分销网络进行交易。按照德特列夫·埃尔默斯（Detlev Ellmers）创建的模型，人们普遍认为这种贸易首先是由中世纪早期附属于封建领土的分散的流动商人组织的，然后发展成为由当地专业工匠组成的贸易中心系统。然而，该模型的有效性尚未得到适当的检验，也没有对中世纪早期沿海地区可识别的发展进行详细分析，也没有对这些发展背后的社会和经济结构进行调查。这些是此处提出申请的项目的主题。起点是维特蒙德区杜努姆周围的地区，那里已经对植被、景观和定居历史进行了一定数量的调查。在中世纪早期，这里是一个被低地和荒原包围的定居区，可直接通往北海。尽管这里至少有八个独立的定居点，但从 7 世纪到 10 世纪，居民们都将死者埋葬在一个共同的墓地中，这远远超出了第一次传教活动的阶段。该墓地已经几乎完成了考古调查。这些早期的调查显示，这些坟墓被大面积的泥质土壤覆盖，这不仅保护它们免受现代农业活动的影响，而且还为金属陪葬品和附着在其上的有机物质的保存创造了有利的化学环境。因此，杜努姆定居点提供了一个绝佳的机会来测试埃尔默斯的上述模型，并寻求有关中世纪早期经济和乡村精神世界（想象中的景观）及其演变的新信息。可以假设，在该项目框架内获得的关于更新世沙土和沼泽交界处边境地区居民之间社会文化互动的见解可以用作了解其他定居地区的模型。北海南部沿海地区。