"Gewerbewurten" and "Geestrandhäfen" - medieval harbours of trading places along the German North Sea coast

“Gewerbewurten”和“Geestrandhäfen” - 德国北海沿岸的中世纪贸易港口

基本信息

批准号：
219305186
负责人：
Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
金额：
--
依托单位：
Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/219305186?language=en
关键词：
Gewerbewurten Geestrandh fen medieval harbours

项目摘要

The aim of the research project is the interdisciplinary examination of Early medieval harbours and trading settlements at the German North Sea coast. The project focuses on the palaeoenvironmental location, the characterisation and functionality of harbour facilities and on the economic and social importance of associated trading settlements within the North Sea communication network.The first phase of the project showed that the so-called Langwurten ('Long Terps'), traditionally considered as settlements of traders and craftsmen, as well as the newly defined Gewerbewurten (´craft and trade terps`) are, in fact, rarely focused on cross-regional trade and commerce. Furthermore, there is also evidence that apart from Gewerbewurten and settlements at Geestrandburgen (coastal hillforts along the edge of dry land) beach markets with craft production were involved in the maritime trade. The combined use of geomagnetic methods with pedological-sedimentological studies and archaeological test-pits allowed the localisation of former watercourses, potential harbour areas and hydraulic infrastructure activities in the vicinity of these places. Moreover, informations on the extent, character and density as well as the dating and economic orientation of the settlements were determined. Harbour-specific fittings in the form of wood or stone structures were not yet detectable. However, due to the palaeogeographic situation and archaeological sources, the existence of harbours can be firmly suggested. In the second phase of the project it is intended to apply and further enhance the successful methodology of high-resolution palaeogeographic reconstructions at selected sites. Furthermore it is planned to examine the manner in which ports were connected to settlements, whether facilities for loading and unloading ships were constructed and which economic and social functions the maritime settlements had at both the local and the regional level. The results will be used for a cross-regional comparison of harbour settlements and presented in the form of a publishable manuscript at the end of the project period.

该研究项目的目的是对德国北海沿岸中世纪早期的港口和贸易定居点进行跨学科研究，重点关注古环境位置、港口设施的特征和功能以及相关贸易定居点的经济和社会重要性。该项目的第一阶段表明，所谓的 Langwurten（“Long Terps”）传统上被认为是商人和工匠的定居点，以及新定义的事实上，Gewerbewurten（“工艺和贸易土地”）很少关注跨区域贸易和商业。此外，还有证据表明，除了 Gewerbewurten 和 Geestrandburgen（旱地边缘的沿海山堡）海滩市场之外。地磁方法与土壤沉积学研究和考古试验坑的结合使用使得以前的工艺生产参与了海上贸易。此外，还确定了这些地方附近的水道、潜在港口区域和水利基础设施活动，以及以木材或木材形式存在的定居点的年代和经济方向。然而，由于古地理情况和考古资料，可以肯定地表明港口的存在，该项目的第二阶段旨在应用并进一步增强高分辨率的成功方法。此外，还计划研究港口与定居点的连接方式、是否建造了装卸船舶的设施以及海上定居点在地方和区域层面具有哪些经济和社会功能。结果将用于港口定居点的跨区域比较，并在项目期结束时以可出版手稿的形式呈现。