The graves of the Fallward cemetry in the mirror of their organic objects - research on the funerary customs of the late Roman and Migration Period in northwestern Germany

法尔沃德公墓的坟墓在其有机物体的镜子中——德国西北部罗马晚期和移民时期的丧葬习俗研究

• 批准号: 432733919
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hauke Jöns
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Institut für historische Küstenforschung (NIhK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/432733919?language=en
• 关键词: graves; Fallward; cemetry; mirror; their

North of the Wurt Fallward, district of Cuxhaven, 200 cremation and 60 inhumation graves from the 4th and 5th centuries were excavated in the 1990s. They belong to a burial place that was laid out in the area of a beach ridge of the Lower Weser River. Some grave pits were dug deep down into the fossil marsh clay. Here, the anaerobic environment offered optimal conditions for the preservation of organic materials. In addition to the bones, wooden grave structures as well as complete inventories of grave goods made of wood and textiles but also remains of plants laid into the graves were more or less completely preserved. The detailed evaluation and publication of this important graveyard has therefore long been regarded as a desideratum of research. This is now implemented in the project, which has been funded by the DFG since 2020. The research done so far on the grave inventories, which are unparalleled in northern Central Europe, opened up a unique perspective for the reconstruction of burial traditions in a late antique settlement region of the Barbaricum. In addition, it may be evaluated whether the supra-regional contacts postulated for various contemporary sites in the Elbe-Weser triangle, are also reflected in the local burial rites of the Wurt Fallward. During the first phase of the project, the investigations focused on the six best-preserved burials. Of these, there are unprocessed organic artefacts and find layers, some of which have been secured by block-lifting. An interdisciplinary bundle of methods used in archaeology, textile archaeology, dendrochronology, anthropology, paleogenetics and paleobotany is the backbone of the investigation. Their combined application has already enabled numerous new insights into the socio-economic and socio-cultural status as well as to the supra-regional contacts of the local funeral community. In the now applied second project phase – also designed to run for 36 months –, the successful interdisciplinary research will be continued and intensified. Initially, the research on the above-mentioned graves shall be completed. But also the poorly preserved or less extensively equipped burials as well as the cremation graves that have not yet been processed, will be in the focus of the archaeological, textile-archaeological and archaeobotanical investigations. The investigations will again include anthropological and aDNA analyses of the skeletons, but shall additionally comprise also archaeozoological observations of the animal bones. With archaeometric analyses, in particular a comprehensive investigation of the colours visible on wooden accessories, which are unique for the regions north of the Alps, the previous studies will experience a significant expansion. Altogether, it is to be expected that the research will contribute considerably to the understanding of the settlement history and social history of north-western Germany in the time of the Roman Empire and the Migration Period.

在库克斯港区 Wurt Fallward 北部，200 个 4 世纪和 5 世纪的火葬墓和 60 个土葬墓于 20 世纪 90 年代被挖掘出来，它们属于位于下海滩山脊区域的墓地。威悉河。在化石沼泽粘土深处挖了一些墓坑，除了有机物质之外，厌氧环境也为保存提供了最佳条件。骨头、木制坟墓结构以及由木材和纺织品制成的随葬品以及埋入坟墓中的植物遗骸都或多或少完整地保存下来，因此长期以来，对这个重要墓地的详细评估和出版一直被认为是一个重要的墓地。这项研究现已在该项目中实施，该项目自 2020 年以来一直由 DFG 资助。迄今为止，对坟墓清单所做的研究在中欧北部是无与伦比的，为墓葬的重建开辟了独特的视角。的传统此外，可以评估易北河-威悉三角地区各个当代遗址所假定的超区域联系是否也反映在第一时期沃特瀑布的当地埋葬仪式中。在该项目的第一阶段，调查重点是六个保存最完好的墓葬，其中有未经加工的有机文物和发现层，其中一些是通过块提升方法来固定的。考古学、纺织考古学、树木年代学、人类学、古遗传学和古植物学是调查的支柱，它们的综合应用已经为了解当地的社会经济和社会文化状况以及跨区域联系提供了许多新的见解。在目前实施的第二阶段（也设计为 36 个月）中，将继续并加强对上述坟墓的研究。但保存不良或设备较差的墓葬以及尚未处理的火葬坟墓也将成为考古、纺织考古和考古植物学调查的重点，调查将再次包括人类学和 DNA 分析。骨骼，但还应包括对动物骨骼的考古动物学观察，通过考古分析，特别是对阿尔卑斯山以北地区特有的木制配件上可见颜色的全面调查，总而言之，这项研究将大大扩展对德国西北部罗马帝国时期和移民时期的定居历史和社会历史的了解。