LTER: Ecosystem Response to Amplified Landscape Connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

LTER：生态系统对南极洲麦克默多干谷景观连通性增强的响应

基本信息

批准号：
1637708
负责人：
Michael Gooseff
金额：
$ 672.43万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-06-15 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637708&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
LTER Ecosystem Response Amplified Landscape

项目摘要

The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a mosaic of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in a cold desert. The McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project has been observing these ecosystems since 1993 and this award will support key long-term measurements, manipulation experiments, synthesis, and modeling to test current theories on ecosystem structure and function. Data collection is focused on meteorology and physical and biological dimensions of soils, streams, lakes, glaciers, and permafrost. The long-term measurements show that biological communities have adapted to the seasonally cold, dark, and arid conditions that prevail for all but a short period in the austral summer. Physical (climate and geological) drivers impart a dynamic connectivity among portions of the Dry Valley landscape over seasonal to millennial time scales. For instance, lakes and soils have been connected through cycles of lake-level rise and fall over the past 20,000 years while streams connect glaciers to lakes over seasonal time scales. Overlaid upon this physical system are biotic communities that are structured by the environment and by the movement of individual organisms within and between the glaciers, streams, lakes, and soils. The new work to be conducted at the McMurdo LTER site will explore how the layers of connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys influence ecosystem structure and function. This project will test the hypothesis that increased ecological connectivity following enhanced melt conditions within the McMurdo Dry Valleys ecosystem will amplify exchange of biota, energy, and matter, homogenizing ecosystem structure and functioning. This hypothesis will be tested with new and continuing experiments that examine: 1) how climate variation alters connectivity among landscape units, and 2) how biota are connected across a heterogeneous landscape using state-of-the-science tools and methods including automated sensor networks, analysis of seasonal satellite imagery, biogeochemical analyses, and next-generation sequencing. McMurdo LTER education programs and outreach activities will be continued, and expanded with new programs associated with the 200th anniversary of the first recorded sightings of Antarctica. These activities will advance societal understanding of how polar ecosystems respond to change. McMurdo LTER will continue its mission of training and mentoring students, postdocs, and early career scientists as the next generation of leaders in polar ecosystem science, and lead the development of international environmental stewardship protocols for human activities in the region.

南极洲麦克默多干谷是寒冷沙漠中陆地和水生生态系统的镶嵌体。麦克默多长期生态研究 (LTER) 项目自 1993 年以来一直在观察这些生态系统，该奖项将支持关键的长期测量、操纵实验、合成和建模，以测试当前有关生态系统结构和功能的理论。数据收集的重点是气象学以及土壤、溪流、湖泊、冰川和永久冻土的物理和生物维度。长期测量表明，生物群落已经适应了季节性寒冷、黑暗和干旱的条件，这种条件在南半球夏季除了短暂的一段时间外都普遍存在。物理（气候和地质）驱动因素在季节性到千年时间尺度上赋予干谷景观各部分之间的动态连通性。例如，湖泊和土壤通过过去 20,000 年湖水位升降的循环而连接在一起，而溪流则在季节性时间尺度上将冰川与湖泊连接起来。覆盖在这个物理系统上的是生物群落，这些生物群落是由环境以及冰川、溪流、湖泊和土壤内部和之间的个体生物体的运动构成的。在麦克默多 LTER 站点进行的新工作将探索麦克默多干谷的连通层如何影响生态系统的结构和功能。该项目将检验以下假设：麦克默多干谷生态系统内融化条件增强后生态连通性的增强将扩大生物群、能量和物质的交换，使生态系统结构和功能均质化。这一假设将通过新的、持续的实验进行检验，这些实验检查：1）气候变化如何改变景观单元之间的连通性，2）如何使用最先进的工具和方法（包括自动传感器网络）在异质景观中连接生物群、季节性卫星图像分析、生物地球化学分析和下一代测序。麦克默多 LTER 教育计划和外展活动将继续进行，并通过与首次记录南极洲目击事件 200 周年相关的新计划进行扩展。这些活动将增进社会对极地生态系统如何应对变化的理解。 McMurdo LTER 将继续其培训和指导学生、博士后和早期职业科学家作为极地生态系统科学的下一代领导者的使命，并领导该地区人类活动国际环境管理协议的制定。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（124）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration resemble biogeochemical relationships in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a historical social network analysis of science, 1907–2016

跨学科合作模式类似于南极洲麦克默多干谷的生物地球化学关系：科学的历史社交网络分析，1907 年至 2016 年

DOI：
10.33265/polar.v41.8037
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Polar Research
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Chignell, Stephen M.;Howkins, Adrian;Gullett, Poppie;Fountain, Andrew G.
通讯作者：
Fountain, Andrew G.

Long‐term shifts in feedbacks among glacier surface change, melt generation and runoff, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

DOI：
10.1002/hyp.14292
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
Hydrological Processes
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
A. Bergstrom;M. Gooseff;A. Fountain;M. Hoffman
通讯作者：
A. Bergstrom;M. Gooseff;A. Fountain;M. Hoffman

Remote characterization of photosynthetic communities in the Fryxell basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica

南极洲泰勒谷弗里克塞尔盆地光合群落的远程表征

DOI：
10.1017/s0954102020000176
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Antarctic Science
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Salvatore, Mark R.;Borges, Schuyler R.;Barrett, John E.;Sokol, Eric R.;Stanish, Lee F.;Power, Sarah N.;Morin, Paul
通讯作者：
Morin, Paul

Thermal legacy of a large paleolake in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica, as evidenced by an airborne electromagnetic survey

机载电磁调查证明，东南极洲泰勒谷一个大型古湖的热遗产

DOI：
10.5194/tc-15-3577-2021
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Cryosphere
影响因子：
0
作者：
Myers, Krista F.;Doran, Peter T.;Tulaczyk, Slawek M.;Foley, Neil T.;Bording, Thue S.;Auken, Esben;Dugan, Hilary A.;Mikucki, Jill A.;Foged, Nikolaj;Grombacher, Denys
通讯作者：
Grombacher, Denys

Barotropic seiches in a perennially ice‐covered lake, East Antarctica

东南极洲常年冰雪覆盖的湖泊中的正压水系

DOI：
10.1002/lol2.10226
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Limnology and Oceanography Letters
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Castendyk, Devin N.;Dugan, Hilary A.;Gallagher, Hugh A.;Pujara, Nimish;Doran, Peter T.;Priscu, John C.;Lyons, W. Berry
通讯作者：
Lyons, W. Berry