Collaborative Research: How do interactions of transport and stoichiometry maximize stream nutrient retention?

合作研究：运输和化学计量的相互作用如何最大限度地保留河流养分？

• 批准号: 1642402
• 负责人: Michael Gooseff
• 金额: $ 30.86万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642402&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; do; interactions

There is considerable exchange of water and solutes among four compartments of streams: the fast moving part of the stream channel, in-channel storage zones, and shallow and deep sediments zones. Exchanges of water between these compartments promote dissolved nutrient reactions and removal. The team hypothesizes that nutrient reaction in streams is controlled by not only hydrologic transport, but also stoichiometry of nutrients (ratio of C:N:P). The team will test their hypotheses by conducting field data collection and stream solute injections at three contrasting Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) sites (Boulder Creek, a rocky mountain setting in Colorado; Catalina-Jemez, a low nutrient setting in New Mexico; and an agricultural landscape in Iowa). Across these three sites there is substantial variability in geology, hydrology, and background nutrient concentrations (and therefore nutrient limitations). The project will engage multiple graduate students with an emphasis on diversity. The team will also organize a workshop to promote and stimulate interaction and exchange of ideas and knowledge among the principal players in the stream restoration field, particularly young scientists and practitioners, stream restoration companies and local environmental agencies.The exchange of water and solutes among the river and its hyporheic zones result in a net reaction and removal on nutrients from the stream. Nutrient reaction and removal (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous) in streams is limited by not only the biomass available to take up nutrients, but is also stoichiometrically limited by the specific reaction. This project will work with the hypothesis that: (1) nutrient retention in streams is controlled by not only hydrologic transport, but also stoichiometry of nutrients (ratio of C:N:P); (2) each compartment of a stream (main channel, surface storage, shallow/deep hyporheic) has a different optimal stoichiometric need (i.e., C:N:P); and (3) depletion of dissolved oxygen from aerobic metabolism is a first-order control that causes a threshold change in the stoichiometric demand of C, N, and P as a compartment becomes anoxic and biogeochemical processes change. The concepts will be tested by conducting field data collection and stream solute injections at three contrasting Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) sites across variable hydrologic conditions at each site to test over a range of hydrologic transport conditions. The team will deploy a suite of methods including electrical resistivity imaging, nutrient tracer injections based on stoichiometric tradeoffs, the Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization (TASCC method), application of the "smart" tracer resazurin in streams and use of shallow (MINIPOINT samplers) and deep (wells) hyporheic flow paths. Nutrient tracer injections are designed to specifically decipher stoichiometric controls on nutrient retention in each of the four compartments of the streams. The broader impacts will be communicated in a workshop setting that identifies reciprocal needs from academic research and restoration programs seeking to approach stream restoration projects more holistically.

在四个溪流隔间之间，水和溶质交换了相当大的交换：流通道的快速移动部分，渠道内存储区以及浅层和深层沉积物区。这些隔间之间的水交换促进了溶解的营养反应和去除。 该团队假设流中的营养反应不仅受水文运输的控制，而且还由养分的化学计量法（C：N：P的比率）控制。 该团队将通过在三个对比临界区观测站（CZO）地点进行现场数据收集和流式溶质注射（Boulder Creek，Colorado的岩石山环境； Catalina-Jemez，Catalina-Jemez，New Mexico的低营养环境；与IOWA的农业景观）。在这三个地点中，地质，水文学和背景营养浓度（因此是养分限制）的差异很大。该项目将吸引多个研究生，重点是多样性。该团队还将组织一个研讨会，以促进和刺激溪流恢复领域的主要参与者（尤其是年轻的科学家和从业人员，溪流恢复公司以及当地环境机构）之间的思想和知识的交流和交流。河流之间的水和溶质交换及其贫血区域导致净反应和从溪流中的营养物中的净反应和拆除。 溪流中的营养反应和去除（碳，氮和磷）不仅受到可用于吸收养分的生物质的限制，而且还受到特定反应的限制。该项目将用于以下假设：（1）流中的养分保留不仅受水文运输的控制，而且还由养分的化学计量（C：N：P的比率）控制； （2）流的每个隔室（主通道，表面存储，浅/深度低音）都有不同的最佳化学计量测定需求（即C：N：P）； （3）从有氧代谢中溶解氧的耗竭是一阶控制，它会导致C，N和P的化学计量需求的阈值变化，因为室室变成了缺氧和生物地球化学过程的变化。这些概念将通过在每个地点可变水文条件上进行三个对比的临界区观测站（CZO）位点进行现场数据收集和流质溶质注射来测试，以测试一系列水文传输条件。该团队将部署一系列方法，包括基于石学计量的折衷的营养示踪剂，旋转曲线表征（TASCC方法），“智能”示踪剂在流中的“智能”示踪剂在流中的应用以及浅层（微型采样者）和深度（elseeps flows hypors hypors flows flows flowsic flows flows flows flows flows flows fropss fropss frops frops flows），包括电阻率成像，营养示踪剂注射。营养示踪剂的注射旨在专门针对溪流四个隔室中每个隔室中每个隔室中的营养保留率专门解剖化学计量控制。 将在一个研讨会环境中传达更广泛的影响，该研讨会环境中识别出了互惠需求，以寻求更全面地接近流恢复项目。

项目成果

TIPT: The Tracer Injection Planning Tool

提示：示踪剂注射计划工具

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105504
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Modelling & Software
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: González-Pinzón, Ricardo;Dorley, Jancoba;Singley, Joel;Singha, Kamini;Gooseff, Michael;Covino, Tim
• 通讯作者: Covino, Tim

Conservative solute transport processes and associated transient storage mechanisms: Comparing streams with contrasting channel morphologies, land use and land cover

保守的溶质传输过程和相关的瞬时存储机制：比较具有对比河道形态、土地利用和土地覆盖的河流

• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14564
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Hydrological Processes
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Emanuelson, Karin;Covino, Tim;Ward, Adam S.;Dorley, Jancoba;Gooseff, Michael
• 通讯作者: Gooseff, Michael