Collaborative Research: How do interactions of transport and stoichiometry maximize stream nutrient retention?

合作研究：运输和化学计量的相互作用如何最大限度地保留河流养分？

• 批准号: 1642402
• 负责人: Michael Gooseff
• 金额: $ 30.86万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642402&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; do; interactions

There is considerable exchange of water and solutes among four compartments of streams: the fast moving part of the stream channel, in-channel storage zones, and shallow and deep sediments zones. Exchanges of water between these compartments promote dissolved nutrient reactions and removal. The team hypothesizes that nutrient reaction in streams is controlled by not only hydrologic transport, but also stoichiometry of nutrients (ratio of C:N:P). The team will test their hypotheses by conducting field data collection and stream solute injections at three contrasting Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) sites (Boulder Creek, a rocky mountain setting in Colorado; Catalina-Jemez, a low nutrient setting in New Mexico; and an agricultural landscape in Iowa). Across these three sites there is substantial variability in geology, hydrology, and background nutrient concentrations (and therefore nutrient limitations). The project will engage multiple graduate students with an emphasis on diversity. The team will also organize a workshop to promote and stimulate interaction and exchange of ideas and knowledge among the principal players in the stream restoration field, particularly young scientists and practitioners, stream restoration companies and local environmental agencies.The exchange of water and solutes among the river and its hyporheic zones result in a net reaction and removal on nutrients from the stream. Nutrient reaction and removal (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous) in streams is limited by not only the biomass available to take up nutrients, but is also stoichiometrically limited by the specific reaction. This project will work with the hypothesis that: (1) nutrient retention in streams is controlled by not only hydrologic transport, but also stoichiometry of nutrients (ratio of C:N:P); (2) each compartment of a stream (main channel, surface storage, shallow/deep hyporheic) has a different optimal stoichiometric need (i.e., C:N:P); and (3) depletion of dissolved oxygen from aerobic metabolism is a first-order control that causes a threshold change in the stoichiometric demand of C, N, and P as a compartment becomes anoxic and biogeochemical processes change. The concepts will be tested by conducting field data collection and stream solute injections at three contrasting Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) sites across variable hydrologic conditions at each site to test over a range of hydrologic transport conditions. The team will deploy a suite of methods including electrical resistivity imaging, nutrient tracer injections based on stoichiometric tradeoffs, the Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization (TASCC method), application of the "smart" tracer resazurin in streams and use of shallow (MINIPOINT samplers) and deep (wells) hyporheic flow paths. Nutrient tracer injections are designed to specifically decipher stoichiometric controls on nutrient retention in each of the four compartments of the streams. The broader impacts will be communicated in a workshop setting that identifies reciprocal needs from academic research and restoration programs seeking to approach stream restoration projects more holistically.

河流的四个部分之间存在大量的水和溶质交换：河道的快速移动部分、河道内储存区以及浅层和深层沉积物区。这些隔室之间的水交换促进溶解的营养物反应和去除。 研究小组假设溪流中的营养物反应不仅受到水文输送的控制，还受到营养物化学计量（C:N:P 的比率）的控制。 该团队将通过在三个对比鲜明的关键区域观测站 (CZO) 站点（科罗拉多州的落基山脉博尔德溪；新墨西哥州的低营养环境卡特琳娜-杰梅兹；以及爱荷华州的农业景观）。这三个地点的地质、水文和背景养分浓度（以及因此的养分限制）存在很大差异。该项目将吸引多名研究生参与，并强调多样性。该团队还将组织一次研讨会，以促进和刺激河流恢复领域的主要参与者，特别是年轻科学家和从业者、河流恢复公司和当地环境机构之间的互动和思想和知识的交流。河流及其潜流区会导致溪流中养分的净反应和去除。 溪流中的养分反应和去除（碳、氮和磷）不仅受到可吸收养分的生物量的限制，而且在化学计量上也受到特定反应的限制。该项目将采用以下假设：（1）溪流中养分的保留不仅受水文输送的控制，还受养分化学计量（C:N:P 的比率）的控制； (2) 河流的每个部分（主河道、表面储存、浅/深潜流）具有不同的最佳化学计量需求（即 C:N:P）； (3) 有氧代谢引起的溶解氧消耗是一级控制，当隔室缺氧且生物地球化学过程发生变化时，它会导致 C、N 和 P 的化学计量需求发生阈值变化。这些概念将通过在三个不同的关键区域观测站（CZO）站点进行现场数据收集和流溶质注入来测试，每个站点的水文条件各不相同，以在一系列水文传输条件下进行测试。该团队将部署一套方法，包括电阻率成像、基于化学计量权衡的营养物示踪剂注射、螺旋曲线表征示踪剂添加（TASCC 方法）、“智能”示踪剂刃天青在溪流中的应用以及浅层（MINIPOINT 采样器）的使用。 ）和深（井）潜流路径。营养物示踪剂注射旨在专门破译对溪流四个隔室中营养物保留的化学计量控制。 更广泛的影响将在研讨会上进行交流，确定学术研究和修复项目的相互需求，寻求更全面地处理河流修复项目。

项目成果

TIPT: The Tracer Injection Planning Tool

提示：示踪剂注射计划工具

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105504
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Modelling & Software
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: González-Pinzón, Ricardo;Dorley, Jancoba;Singley, Joel;Singha, Kamini;Gooseff, Michael;Covino, Tim
• 通讯作者: Covino, Tim

Conservative solute transport processes and associated transient storage mechanisms: Comparing streams with contrasting channel morphologies, land use and land cover

保守的溶质传输过程和相关的瞬时存储机制：比较具有对比河道形态、土地利用和土地覆盖的河流

• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14564
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Hydrological Processes
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Emanuelson, Karin;Covino, Tim;Ward, Adam S.;Dorley, Jancoba;Gooseff, Michael
• 通讯作者: Gooseff, Michael