Genetic mechanisms of rapid adaptive evolution in an outbred natural population

远交自然群体快速适应性进化的遗传机制

• 批准号: 0919452
• 负责人: Jeffrey Conner
• 金额: $ 73.22万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919452&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetic; mechanisms; rapid; adaptive; evolution

Recent studies clearly show that evolution can be very rapid, with substantial genetic change in traits occurring in as little as five to 10 generations. Rapid evolution occurs in response to major environmental changes, both natural and human-mediated. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution of traits are unknown. Wild radish flowers represent an excellent model system to investigate these genetic mechanisms. Previous NSF-supported projects on this species have produced both abundant genome sequence data and demonstrated rapid evolution of floral traits that are essential to plant reproduction. This project will determine the genetic mechanisms underlying the extremely rapid evolution of adaptive floral traits in wild radish by combining traditional approaches from plant breeding with cutting-edge molecular genetic and genomic techniques.In addition to improving our overall understanding of adaptive evolution, the proposed project will provide new insights into the mechanisms of successful reproduction in wild radish, one of the world's most damaging agricultural weeds. It will also produce fundamental genetic knowledge. Most genetic studies use highly inbred laboratory strains, but most animals (including humans) and many plants occur naturally in highly outbred populations. To fully understand the genetics of any trait, including a genetic disease, the effects of the genes need to be studied in their naturally outbred state; this project will develop and test new methods for this purpose.

最近的研究清楚地表明，进化可能非常迅速，特征的遗传变化发生在五到10代。 快速进化是响应自然和人介导的重大环境变化而发生的。但是，性状快速演变的基础遗传机制尚不清楚。野生萝卜花代表了研究这些遗传机制的出色模型系统。 以前的NSF支持该物种的项目既产生了丰富的基因组序列数据，又证明了花卉性状的快速发展，这对于植物繁殖至关重要。该项目将通过将植物繁殖与尖端分子遗传和基因组技术的传统方法结合起来，从而确定野生萝卜中适应性花卉特征极为快速演变的遗传机制。在提高对适应性进化的整体理解外，该项目还将为新的杂草提供了一种新的杂草，以改善我们对自适应进化的整体理解，将其提供给野生径流的一项杂草。 它还将产生基本的遗传知识。 大多数遗传学研究都使用高含杂交的实验室菌株，但是大多数动物（包括人）和许多植物自然出现在高繁殖的种群中。 为了充分了解任何特征的遗传学，包括遗传疾病，需要以自然交易状态进行基因的影响。该项目将开发和测试新方法为此目的。