Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-duration Balloon Platforms

长期气球平台极地平流层云粒子发展的准拉格朗日测量

• 批准号: 0636946
• 负责人: Terry Deshler
• 金额: $ 35.03万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0636946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quasi; Lagrangian; Measurements; Polar; Stratospheric

AbstractPI: Terry L. DeshlerProposal Number: 0636946Title: Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-Duration Balloon PlatformsIt has been well established that heterogeneous reactions in polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are implicated in dramatic losses of ozone over Antarctica in austral spring. Halogen radicals, which originate from volatile anthropogenic compounds that began to be used in the 1930's, catalytically convert ozone to biatomic oxygen in the presence of sunlight and various solid and liquid PSC particles, particularly those bearing nitrogen. What remains unclear from both a theoretical and observational standpoint is exactly how and when key PSC particles, including nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), form. The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Science Division, Ocean & Climate Systems Program has made this award to take advantage of super pressure balloon platforms, whose trajectories are along fixed atmospheric density, to sample the PSC particles that occur in the Antarctic polar vortex. Two types of optical particle sensors, one white light and the other laser based, are to be optimized and deployed on long duration balloons (30-90 days) to be launched from McMurdo by the French agency CNES as part of the French-US CONCORDIASI International Polar Year program. The paired sensors will provide basic size fraction and distribution information that along with temperature measurements should provide insight into the conditions under which various PSC particles form. Experience from the VORCORE super pressure balloon program in 2005 indicates that even with duty cycles restricted by power availability, the sensors are highly likely to encounter low enough temperatures to favor NAT, liquid aerosols and ice formation for many 10's of hours during each mission. Such observations from two instrumented missions are expected to lend unprecedented insight into conditions required for in situ PSC particle formation. The results will be compared to satellite and ground (LIDAR) based aerosols measurements as well as model predictions to improve understanding of PSC cloud formation. The proposed project builds on an NSF major research infrastructure grant to the PI to develop and test the cloud particle sensors. Broader impacts: This project leverages the IPY collaboration with the French who are providing the balloon platforms including their launch, control and data communications system. The proposed project compliments the science to be addressed by the CONCORDIASI IPY program, the primary objective of which is to calibrating satellite born meteorological sensors. A graduate student is to be supported by this project. Three of the nine research group members are female (including the coPI) and so members of an underrepresented group in atmospheric sciences are to be supported.

摘要：Terry L. Deshlerproposal编号：0636946TITLE：从长期的气球平台上对极性平流层云颗粒发育的测量值很好地确定，在平流层云中的异质反应（PSC）在澳大利亚Antarctica中涉及到极性的平流层云（PSC）。 卤素自由基起源于1930年代开始使用的挥发性人为化合物，在存在阳光和各种固体和液体PSC颗粒的情况下，尤其是那些含有氮气的阳光，将臭氧转化为双原子氧。 从理论和观察的角度来看，尚不清楚的是如何以及何时包括硝酸三水合物（NAT）形式的关键PSC颗粒。 南极科学部，海洋与气候系统计划的极地计划办公室已获得该奖项，以利用超压气球平台（其轨迹沿固定的大气密度）进行采样，以对南极极性涡流中发生的PSC颗粒进行采样。 两种类型的光学粒子传感器，一种白光和另一个基于激光的光学传感器，应在长时间的气球（30-90天）中进行优化，并由法国机构CNES从McMurdo发射，作为法国康科迪西亚国际极性年度计划的一部分。 配对的传感器将提供基本的尺寸分数和分布信息，以及温度测量应提供有关各种PSC颗粒形成的条件的洞察力。 2005年VORCORE超级压力气球计划的经验表明，即使受到功率可用性限制的税收周期，这些传感器很可能会遇到足够低的温度，以偏爱NAT，液体气溶胶和冰形成在每个任务中的许多10小时。 预计来自两个仪器任务的这种观察结果将对原位PSC粒子形成所需的条件进行前所未有的见解。 结果将与基于卫星和地面（LIDAR）的气溶胶测量值以及模型预测进行比较，以提高对PSC云形成的理解。 拟议的项目建立在NSF的主要研究基础设施授予的基础上，以开发和测试云粒子传感器。更广泛的影响：该项目利用了与法国人提供气球平台在内的IPY合作，包括其发布，控制和数据通信系统。 拟议的项目补充了Concordiasi Ipy计划要解决的科学，其主要目标是校准卫星出生的气象传感器。 该项目将得到研究生的支持。 九个研究小组成员中有三名是女性（包括COPI），因此应支持大气科学中代表性不足的成员。