Measurements Addressing the Initial Stages of Ozone Recovery, the Nucleation of, Index of Refraction of, and Existence of Large PSC Particles

针对臭氧恢复初始阶段、大 PSC 颗粒的成核、折射率和存在的测量

• 批准号: 0538679
• 负责人: Terry Deshler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Measurements; Addressing; Initial; Stages; Ozone

In the past twenty years there has been a rather rapid decline in Antarctic stratosphere ozone in the spring, which is due directly to halogens released into the atmosphere since the 1930s. This proposal seeks support for continuing in situ balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements over McMurdo through 2008. These measurements, begun in 1986, documented the decline and minimum in stratospheric ozone observed as chlorine increased and reached its maximum. Now the emphasis is shifting to observing the first signs of the ozone recovery. The ozonesondes are uniquely capable of observing in the altitude range where ozone suffers the greatest chemical loss, and thus they are able to separate chemical and transport effects. These instruments may be among the first to establish the ozone benefits resulting from declining chlorine. In 2007, it is proposed to collaborate with European colleagues in a second international Antarctic campaign to test the 3-D chemical transport models of ozone loss; this campaign will occur as part of the Intentional Polar Year activities and will consist of a second year of winter/spring ozone measurements from McMurdo. Another important aspect of the study is observations of the Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) in the Antarctic, which will be continued to address questions related to the nucleation of nitric acid hydrates, the existence of large particles within Antarctic PSCs, and the index of refraction of PSC particles. Measurements to address questions related to nucleation of nitric acid hydrates within PSCs will include collaboration with the European VORCORE project. Thus, the main intellectual merit of this work lies in obtaining and analyzing measurements that may lead to the first signs of ozone recovery. The broader impacts of this work have several aspects. Measurements establishing the first signs of ozone recovery are important reassurances to the world community in support of the commercial sacrifices that have been made to limit the release of chlorine into the atmosphere. Thus, in addition to the scientific interest, there are broad social implications dependent on maintaining ozone measurements through the first decade after maximum chlorine has been reached in the stratosphere. This research also contributes to the training and education of a post-doctoral scholar, engineer, technician, and graduate students.

在过去的二十年里，春季南极平流层臭氧下降相当快，这直接归因于自20世纪30年代以来释放到大气中的卤素。该提案寻求支持到 2008 年继续在麦克默多上空进行原位气球臭氧探空仪测量。这些测量始于 1986 年，记录了随着氯气增加并达到最大值而观察到的平流层臭氧的下降和最小值。现在的重点转向观察臭氧恢复的最初迹象。臭氧探空仪具有独特的能力，能够在臭氧遭受最大化学损失的高度范围内进行观测，因此能够将化学效应和传输效应分开。这些仪器可能是最早确定氯含量减少所带来的臭氧效益的仪器之一。 2007年，提议与欧洲同事合作开展第二次国际南极活动，测试臭氧损失的3D化学迁移模型；该活动将作为有意极地年活动的一部分进行，并将包括麦克默多的第二年冬季/春季臭氧测量。该研究的另一个重要方面是对南极极地平流层云（PSC）的观测，这将继续解决与硝酸水合物成核、南极PSC内大颗粒的存在以及折射率相关的问题PSC 颗粒。解决与 PSC 内硝酸水合物成核相关问题的测量将包括与欧洲 VORCORE 项目的合作。因此，这项工作的主要智力价值在于获取和分析可能导致臭氧恢复初步迹象的测量结果。这项工作的更广泛影响有几个方面。确定臭氧恢复初步迹象的测量是对国际社会的重要保证，以支持为限制氯向大气中释放而做出的商业牺牲。因此，除了科学兴趣之外，在平流层达到最大氯含量后的第一个十年内维持臭氧测量还会产生广泛的社会影响。这项研究还有助于博士后学者、工程师、技术员和研究生的培训和教育。