Measurements Addressing the Initial Stages of Ozone Recovery, the Nucleation of, Index of Refraction of, and Existence of Large PSC Particles

针对臭氧恢复初始阶段、大 PSC 颗粒的成核、折射率和存在的测量

• 批准号: 0538679
• 负责人: Terry Deshler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Measurements; Addressing; Initial; Stages; Ozone; Measurements; Addressing; Initial; Stages; Ozone

In the past twenty years there has been a rather rapid decline in Antarctic stratosphere ozone in the spring, which is due directly to halogens released into the atmosphere since the 1930s. This proposal seeks support for continuing in situ balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements over McMurdo through 2008. These measurements, begun in 1986, documented the decline and minimum in stratospheric ozone observed as chlorine increased and reached its maximum. Now the emphasis is shifting to observing the first signs of the ozone recovery. The ozonesondes are uniquely capable of observing in the altitude range where ozone suffers the greatest chemical loss, and thus they are able to separate chemical and transport effects. These instruments may be among the first to establish the ozone benefits resulting from declining chlorine. In 2007, it is proposed to collaborate with European colleagues in a second international Antarctic campaign to test the 3-D chemical transport models of ozone loss; this campaign will occur as part of the Intentional Polar Year activities and will consist of a second year of winter/spring ozone measurements from McMurdo. Another important aspect of the study is observations of the Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) in the Antarctic, which will be continued to address questions related to the nucleation of nitric acid hydrates, the existence of large particles within Antarctic PSCs, and the index of refraction of PSC particles. Measurements to address questions related to nucleation of nitric acid hydrates within PSCs will include collaboration with the European VORCORE project. Thus, the main intellectual merit of this work lies in obtaining and analyzing measurements that may lead to the first signs of ozone recovery. The broader impacts of this work have several aspects. Measurements establishing the first signs of ozone recovery are important reassurances to the world community in support of the commercial sacrifices that have been made to limit the release of chlorine into the atmosphere. Thus, in addition to the scientific interest, there are broad social implications dependent on maintaining ozone measurements through the first decade after maximum chlorine has been reached in the stratosphere. This research also contributes to the training and education of a post-doctoral scholar, engineer, technician, and graduate students.

在过去的二十年中，春季南极平流层臭氧的迅速下降，这是由于1930年代以来直接释放到大气中的卤素。该提案寻求支持直到2008年麦克默多（McMurdo）上的原位气球传播的Ozonesonde测量。这些测量始于1986年，记录了随着氯的增加并达到最大值的平流层臭氧的下降和最小值。现在，重点是观察臭氧回收的第一个迹象。 Ozonesondes具有独特的能力在臭氧遭受最大化学损失的高度范围内观察，因此它们能够分离化学和运输效应。这些仪器可能是最早建立氯化量下降的臭氧益处的仪器之一。 2007年，建议与欧洲同事合作进行第二次国际南极运动，以测试臭氧损失的3-D化学运输模型。这项运动将作为有意的极性年度活动的一部分进行，并包括麦克默多（McMurdo）的冬季/春季臭氧测量的第二年。该研究的另一个重要方面是对南极的极性平流层云（PSC）的观察，该观察将继续解决与硝酸水合成核有关的问题，南极PSC中的大颗粒存在以及PSC颗粒的折射指数。解决与PSC中硝酸水合成核有关的问题的测量将包括与欧洲Vorcore项目的合作。因此，这项工作的主要智力优点在于获得和分析可能导致臭氧回收迹象的测量值。这项工作的更广泛影响有几个方面。建立臭氧恢复的第一个迹象的测量值对世界社区来说是重要的保证，以支持限制氯释放到大气中的商业牺牲。因此，除了科学的兴趣外，在平流层达到最大氯之后的前十年中，在最大的十年中仍存在广泛的社会意义。这项研究还为博士后学者，工程师，技术人员和研究生的培训和教育做出了贡献。