In Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Aerosol Size Distributions and Their Use in a New Aerosol Surface Area Climatology

平流层气溶胶尺寸分布的原位测量及其在新气溶胶表面积气候学中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
1011827
负责人：
Terry Deshler
金额：
$ 105.3万
依托单位：
University of Wyoming
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-01 至 2016-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1011827&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Situ Measurements Stratospheric Aerosol Size

项目摘要

This project is focused on vertical profile, surface to ~31 km, aerosol size and concentration measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N, 106°W), and continuing the analysis of the new and historical record of stratospheric aerosol from Laramie, extending back to 1971, to refine what can be derived from the record and to make the measurements more useful to the modeling community. Stratospheric aerosol play important roles in the radiation and chemical balance of the stratosphere through scattering solar radiation and influencing both polar and mid latitude ozone. In the polar regions stratospheric aerosol provide the nuclei for polar stratospheric clouds, which activate chlorine. In the mid latitudes they influence ozone through their impact on the chlorine and nitrogen cycles. In addition to the direct measurements, other activities include: completing new comparisons between in situ and lidar measurements to update the backscatter to extinction and backscatter to surface area ratios available for lidar measurements; completing an analysis of in situ optical particle counter (OPC) and satellite (SAGE II) measurements to understand the source of an underestimation of SAGE II extinctions by OPC derived extinctions during non-volcanic periods; applying the SAGE II comparisons of extinction to refine the aerosol surface area derived from SAGE II measurements, which is approximately half that estimated from OPC measurements; using balloon platforms to facilitate the exploration of the two lowest layers of the Earth's atmosphere by middle and secondary school students and science teachers.

该项目集中在垂直轮廓上，表面至〜31公里，气溶胶的大小和浓度测量值，来自Laramie，Wyoming（41°N，106°W），并继续分析来自Laramie的平流层气溶胶的新和历史记录，从Laramie，延伸到1971年，可以从记录中延伸到记录中，以使其从记录中衍生出来，以使其更具衡量标准和模型社区。平流层气溶胶通过散射太阳辐射在平流层的辐射和化学平衡中起着重要作用，并影响极性和中纬度臭氧。在极性区域，平流层气溶胶为激活氯的极性平流层云提供了核。在纬度中，它们通过对氯和氮循环的影响影响臭氧。除了直接测量外，其他活动还包括：在原位和激光雷达测量之间完成新的比较，以将反向散射更新为扩展和反向散射和反向散射面积与表面积比率，可用于LIDAR测量；完成对原位光学粒子计数器（OPC）和卫星（SAGE II）测量的分析，以了解在非沃尔代面期间通过OPC衍生的扩展对Sage II扩展的理解的来源；应用Sage II扩展的比较，以完善从Sage II测量结果得出的气溶胶表面积，大约是OPC测量值估计的一半；使用气球平台来促进中学和科学老师对地球大气层的两个最低层的探索。