Land Rents, Productivity, and the Search for the Agricultural Revolution

地租、生产力和对农业革命的探索

• 批准号: 9122191
• 负责人: Gregory Clark
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1995-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9122191&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Land; Rents; Productivity; Search; Agricultural

The standard story of the emergence of the modern industrial world is that in Britain between 1770 and 1850 there were two revolutions: the first and better known, the Industrial Revolution; and the second, the Agricultural Revolution. There remains, however, an unresolved dispute about the nature of the Agricultural Revolution and its relationship to the Industrial Revolution. Agriculture from 1700 to 1850 experienced important organizational changes with the elimination of almost all common field villages and the decline of self-contained peasant farms in favor of large "capitalist" farms which employed most of the rural populations as wage laborers. Two interpretations -mainstream and Marxist- share the perspective that the reorganization of agriculture from small, peasant open field farms to large-scale, enclosed, capitalist farms was the major source of productivity advance in Britain, and the reason why British agricultural productivity far exceeded the rest of Europe. Where the views differ is over the mechanism by which this reorganization increased productivity and the effects it had on the peasantry. This research will help to settle this long lasting dispute, and it will also provide useful insights into the process of economic growth and development. Specifically, the purpose of this project is to collect and analyze a large new set of data for English agriculture for the period 1600 to 1850 which will contain observations on the market rental value of agricultural land, the rate of return on capital, and rural wages. At least 21,000 observations on market land rents will be collected for the period 1600 to 1837. With this date set it will be possible to shed light on several important questions about the Agricultural Revolution in England such as: When did occur? How important was it to the Industrial Revolution? How important were property rights changes during that period? What was the mechanism by which yields and labor productivity increased? How important was the expulsion of surplus labor from agriculture in creating the Industrial Revolution?

现代工业世界出现的标准故事是，1770 年至 1850 年间，英国发生了两次革命：第一次也是更为人所知的工业革命；第二次是工业革命。 第二个是农业革命。 然而，关于农业革命的性质及其与工业革命的关系仍然存在未解决的争议。 1700年至1850年间，农业经历了重要的组织变革，几乎所有普通田间村庄都被消灭，自给自足的小农农场逐渐衰落，取而代之的是大型“资本主义”农场，这些农场雇用了大部分农村人口作为雇佣劳动者。 主流和马克思主义两种解释都认为，农业从小农露天农场向大规模封闭式资本主义农场的重组是英国生产力进步的主要源泉，也是英国农业生产力远远超过英国农业生产力的原因。欧洲其他地区。 观点不同的地方在于这种重组提高生产力的机制及其对农民的影响。 这项研究将有助于解决这一长期存在的争端，也将为经济增长和发展的过程提供有益的见解。 具体来说，该项目的目的是收集和分析 1600 年至 1850 年期间英国农业的大量新数据，其中包含对农业土地的市场租金价值、资本回报率和农村工资的观察。 将收集 1600 年至 1837 年期间至少 21,000 个关于市场土地租金的观察结果。确定这一日期后，将有可能阐明有关英国农业革命的几个重要问题，例如：什么时候发生的？ 它对工业革命有多重要？ 在此期间产权变化有多重要？ 产量和劳动生产率提高的机制是什么？ 驱逐农业剩余劳动力对于创造工业革命有多重要？