Plant interactions and ecosystem function in wetlands

湿地植物相互作用和生态系统功能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05875
• 负责人: Brisson, Jacques
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632083
• 关键词: Plant; interactions; ecosystem; function; wetlands

Over the last two decades, there has been accumulating evidence that the loss of biodiversity results in a reduction of the efficiency with which communities capture resources, produce biomass and recycle nutrients. Yet, there is an undisputed over-representation of studies on grasslands and primary production measures in the literature on this subject, and despite the recognized importance of wetlands in global biochemical cycles, our understanding of the fundamental relation between plant diversity and ecological attributes and function is still limited for this system. One property that may set wetlands apart in their relation between diversity and functions is the common, local domination of a single – often exotic – vascular plant species. The negative impact of invasive macrophytes on wetland diversity is well known, but it is unclear whether it is accompanied by a decrease in ecosystem processes and services. My research program focuses on competitive interactions between highly productive plant species and the impact of the loss of diversity caused by invasive species on ecosystem functions and services. For the current proposal, my students and I will test whether 1) ecological services in wetlands, as measured by nutrient cycles and water purification, increase with plant diversity due to complementarity effects and whether 2) expansion of competitive clonal species in wetlands reduces ecological functions and attributes associated with ecological services. For the first objective, we will evaluate the effect of plant diversity and composition on nutrient assimilation, mineralization and microbial activity using treatment wetland mesocosms as model ecosystems, with varying numbers of plant species and under several different nutritional conditions. A first experiment will use connected basins of Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis, two wetland macrophytes that differ in root system architecture and seasonal activity. In a second experiment, we will use combinations of 1 to 4 floating plant species in free water wetland mesocosms. In both experiments, water quality parameters, plant parameters and microbial activity will be monitored to test the effect of plant diversity and combination on wetland processes. For the second objective, we will monitor ecological attributes and plant spatial dynamics in a large wetland area of southern Quebec, within and outside of dense, nearly monospecific patches of clonal species (Phragmites australis var. australis, Phragmites australis var. americana, Phalaris arundinacea). To complement the field survey, we will measure the effect of plant interaction on ecological attributes using an original mesocosm experiment designed to reproduce competition between wetland plant species with clonal growth. Results of our study will allow us to understand, at the fundamental level, how plant interactions and diversity influence wetland ecosystem processes. Furthermore, our findings will have implications for vegetation management, wetland restoration and constructed wetlands used for wastewater treatment.

在过去的二十年中，有积累的证据表明，生物多样性的丧失导致社区捕获资源，产生生物量和回收养分的效率的降低。然而，关于该主题的文献中对草原和主要生产措施的研究的过分代表性，尽管湿地在全球生物化学周期中具有公认的重要性，但我们对植物多样性与生态属性和功能之间基本关系的理解仍然受到该系统的限制。一种可能使湿地在多样性和功能之间与众关系中与众不同的特性是单一（通常是异国情调的 - 血管植物）的共同局部统治。众所周知，侵入性大型植物对湿地多样性的负面影响，但尚不清楚它是否是通过生态系统过程和服务减少来实现的。我的研究计划着重于高产植物物种之间的竞争相互作用，以及由入侵物种引起的多样性丧失对生态系统功能和服务的影响。对于当前的建议，我和我的学生将测试1）湿地中的生态服务是否通过营养周期和水净化来衡量，由于互补性效应而增加的植物多样性，以及2）湿地中竞争性克隆物种的扩展会降低生态功能和与生态服务相关的生态功能和归因。为了第一个目标，我们将使用处理湿地中学作为模型生态系统的植物多样性和组成对养分同化，矿化和微生物活性的影响，在几种不同的营养条件下，植物种类数量不同。第一个实验将使用Phalaris Arundinacea和Phragmites Australis的贝司，这是两个湿地大型植物，它们在根系结构和季节性活动中有所不同。在第二个实验中，我们将在自由水湿地中山中使用1至4种浮动植物物种的组合。在这两个实验中，都将监测水质参数，植物参数和微生物活性，以测试植物多样性和组合对湿地过程的影响。对于第二个目标，我们将监测魁北克省南部大型湿地区域的生态属性和植物空间动力学，在密集的，几乎是单一的克隆物种（phragmites austrualis）var内部和外部。 Australis，Phragmites Australis Var。 Americana，Phalaris Arundinacea）。为了完成现场调查，我们将使用旨在再现具有克隆生长的湿地植物物种之间竞争的原始中库实验来衡量植物相互作用对生态属性的影响。我们的研究结果将使我们能够在基本层面了解植物相互作用和多样性如何影响湿地生态系统过程。此外，我们的发现将对植被管理，湿地修复以及用于废水处理的湿地具有影响。