Plant diversity and ecosystem services in wetlands

湿地植物多样性和生态系统服务

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06478
• 负责人: Brisson, Jacques
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717778
• 关键词: Plant; diversity; ecosystem; services; wetlands

Plant diversity and ecosystem services in wetlands There is accumulating evidence that the loss of biodiversity results in a reduction of the efficiency with which communities capture resources, produce biomass, recycle nutrients or resist invasion. This relationship between diversity and ecosystem functions and services may vary depending on soil fertility. For example, diversity effects may be more important in nutrient limited environments, such as natural grasslands, where the competition for resources is symmetric. In contrast, natural wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on earth in part because they receive sediments and nutrients from the drained watershed. Yet, the ecological literature reports little empirical evidence from diversity experiments conducted in wetlands. As a result, little is known about the “diversity ecosystem functions” relationship in this highly productive ecosystem. My research program focuses on the mechanisms by which biodiversity drives ecological processes and supports ecosystem functions and services in wetlands. For the current proposal, my students and I will 1) evaluate the effect of species richness and functional diversity on biotic resistance to invasion by exotic plant species in wetlands and 2) test whether ecological services in wetlands, as measured by water purification, increase with plant diversity due to complementarity effects. For the first objective, we will conduct a community restoration mesocosm experiment at the Institut de recherche en biologie végétale research site. We will manipulate initial species composition by applying seed mixtures of varying richness and functional diversity. We will then survey community reassembly and invasive plant species establishment over three years. This will allow us to establish the contribution of species and functional group identity, species and functional group interactions and abiotic conditions, and how these factors interact to determine biotic resistance. For the second objective, we will evaluate the effect of plant diversity and composition on nutrient assimilation and mineralization in wetland mesocosms with varying numbers of floating plant species. We will also compare measures of ecological processes in wetland soils with varying plant richness and functional diversity, both in experimental mesocosms and in a large wetland in southern Quebec. Because the processes for removing pollutants differ, our wetland experiments will offer an ideal situation for testing hypotheses on the multifunctionality of biodiversified ecosystems, i.e. how plant diversity may simultaneously affect several ecological functions. The results of our research program will not only allow us to understand, at the fundamental level, how plant interactions and diversity influence wetland ecosystem processes, but will also have implications for vegetation management, wetland restoration and design of constructed wetlands used for wastewater treatment.

湿地的植物多样性和生态系统服务 有积极的证据表明，生物多样性的丧失导致社区捕获资源，产生生物量，回收营养或抵抗入侵的效率的降低。多样性与生态系统功能与服务之间的这种关系可能会因土壤肥力而异。例如，在养分有限的环境（例如自然草地）中，多样性影响可能更重要，在这种环境中，资源竞争是对称的。相比之下，天然湿地是地球上生产力最高的生态系统之一，部分原因是它们从排水流水中收到沉积物和养分。然而，生态文献报告了在湿地进行的多样性实验中几乎没有经验证据。结果，对这个高产生态系统中的“多样性生态系统功能”关系知之甚少。 我的研究计划着重于生物多样性推动生态过程并支持湿地生态系统功能和服务的机制。对于当前的建议，我和我的学生将1）评估物种丰富度和功能多样性对湿地中外来植物物种对侵袭的耐药性的影响，2）测试湿地中的生态服务是否通过水纯化来衡量，是否会因互补性影响而随着植物的多样性而增加。 为了第一个目标，我们将在生物学生物学研究所进行社区修复中的介体实验。我们将通过应用不同丰富度和功能多样性的种子混合物来操纵初始物种组成。然后，我们将在三年内调查社区重新组装和侵入性植物物种。这将使我们能够建立物种和功能组身份，物种和功能群相互作用和非生物条件的贡献，以及这些因素如何相互作用以确定生物抗性。 对于第二个目标，我们将评估植物多样性和成分对湿地中孢子中养分同化和矿化的影响，其浮动植物物种数量不同。我们还将比较湿地土壤中的生态过程的措施，以及在实验性中库和魁北克南部的大型湿地中，植物丰富度和功能多样性的不同。由于去除污染物的过程不同，因此我们的湿地实验将为测试生物多功能生态系统的多功能性的假设提供理想的情况，即植物多样性如何仅影响几种生态功能。 我们的研究计划的结果不仅可以让我们理解 基本水平，植物相互作用和多样性如何影响湿地生态系统过程，但也将对植被管理，用于废水处理的湿地的湿地恢复和设计产生影响。