Food Choices in Overweight & Normal Weight Adolescents - Sleep & Circadian Rhythm

超重的食物选择

• 批准号: 8791899
• 负责人: Mary A Carskadon
• 金额: $ 50.22万
• 依托单位: EMMA PENDLETON BRADLEY HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-16 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8791899
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Advertisements; Affect; Age; Americas; Arousal; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Body Patterning; Body Weight decreased; Calories; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Circadian Rhythms; Comorbidity; Complex; Data; Desire for food; Diet; Distress; Eating; Energy Intake; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Fasting; Feeling; Female Adolescents; Food; Genetic; Glucose; Growth; Health; Home environment; Hormones; Human; Hunger; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Length; Leptin; Life; Light; Link; Measures; Medical; Melatonin; Mental Health; Metabolic Diseases; Modeling; Monitor; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Physical activity; Physiology; Play; Polysomnography; Positioning Attribute; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Quality of life; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Salivary; Satiation; Schedule; Sex Characteristics; Sleep; Slow-Wave Sleep; Smell Perception; Socioeconomic Status; Systems Biology; Taste Perception; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Wakefulness; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; alertness; attentional bias; awake; base; boys; distraction; experience; food consumption; ghrelin; girls; glucose tolerance; high risk; insulin sensitivity; interest; medical complication; physical conditioning; prevent; psychosocial; research study; response; suicidal risk; vigilance; weight loss intervention; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent obesity is a major public health issue for America: 34% of US adolescents ages 12-19 years are overweight or obese. The impacts of obesity on teenagers are found in many psychosocial and medical comorbidities; overweight and obese adolescents are also at high risk of becoming obese adults with lifelong associated risks. We propose a unique project to examine fundamental aspects of circadian and sleep biology, chemosensory perception, and psychophysiology that can influence food choices and food consumption and may differ between obese/overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) adolescents. Healthy OW and NW boys and girls ages 12 to 15.9 years will live at home on a strict sleep/wake schedule for 2 weeks and then enter the lab for 11 consecutive days. Sleep/wake during the in-lab session are scheduled on a 28-h day, followed by a 32-h extended waking episode and a 4-h sleep. In-lab assessments include measures of sleep (polysomnography), chemosensitivity (taste and smell), arousal (multiple sleep latency test), circadian time (salivary melatonin), vigilance, impulse control, attentional bias, distraction, satiety, and hunger. Fasting levels of leptin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and cortisol will be measured at 6 circadian phases and compared across weight groups. Food choices and food consumption will be monitored throughout as the principal dependent variables. Specific hypotheses are: (1) OW will have later baseline circadian phase (dim light melatonin onset-DLMO) and longer intrinsic circadian period than NW; (2) OW will have reduced slow wave sleep at baseline and in response to extended wakefulness; (3) OW will select higher calorie food and consume more calories at later circadian phases than NW; (4) OW will select higher calorie food and consume more calories than NW later in the waking day. The influence of other measures (e.g., chemosensitivity, arousal, impulse control, etc.) in weight-group differences will be explored with latent growth modeling. Descriptive analyses and exploration of sex differences will also be performed. Findings from this study may bring to light specific eating-related risks factors for OW teens, may provide targets and strategies for countermeasures to prevent or ameliorate overweight and obesity in adolescents and the distress that ensues and may suggest ways to enhance weight loss interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年肥胖是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题：12-19 岁的美国青少年中有 34% 超重或肥胖。肥胖对青少年的影响体现在许多心理社会和医学并发症上。超重和肥胖的青少年也有很高的风险成为肥胖的成年人，并伴有终生相关风险。我们提出了一个独特的项目来检查昼夜节律和睡眠生物学、化学感觉感知和心理生理学的基本方面，这些方面可能影响食物选择和食物消耗，并且肥胖/超重（OW）和正常体重（NW）青少年之间可能存在差异。 12 至 15.9 岁的健康 OW 和 NW 男孩和女孩将按照严格的睡眠/觉醒时间表在家生活 2 周，然后连续 11 天进入实验室。实验室会议期间的睡眠/觉醒安排为每天 28 小时，然后是 32 小时的长时间觉醒和 4 小时的睡眠。实验室评估包括睡眠（多导睡眠图）、化学敏感性（味觉和嗅觉）、觉醒（多次睡眠潜伏期测试）、昼夜节律时间（唾液褪黑激素）、警惕性、冲动控制、注意力偏差、分心、饱腹感和饥饿感。将在 6 个昼夜节律阶段测量瘦素、生长素释放肽、葡萄糖、胰岛素和皮质醇的空腹水平，并在体重组之间进行比较。食物选择和食物消费将作为主要因变量进行全程监控。具体假设是：（1）OW将比NW具有更晚的基线昼夜节律阶段（暗光褪黑激素起始-DLMO）和更长的内在昼夜节律周期； (2) OW 在基线时会减少慢波睡眠，并响应长时间的清醒； （3）OW会比NW选择更高热量的食物，并且在较晚的昼夜节律阶段消耗更多的热量； (4) OW会选择更高热量的食物，并在醒来的晚些时候比NW消耗更多的热量。将通过潜在生长模型探讨其他指标（例如化学敏感性、唤醒、冲动控制等）对体重组差异的影响。还将进行性别差异的描述性分析和探索。这项研究的结果可能揭示OW青少年与饮食相关的特定风险因素，可能为预防或改善青少年超重和肥胖以及随之而来的痛苦提供对策目标和策略，并可能提出加强减肥干预措施的方法。