Effects of State Preemption of Local Tobacco Control Legislation on Disparities in Tobacco Use, Exposure and Retail

国家抢先实施地方烟草控制立法对烟草使用、接触和零售差异的影响

• 批准号: 10681733
• 负责人: Carla J Berg
• 金额: $ 55.05万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-15 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10681733
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Advertisements; Advertising; Affect; Air; American; Attention; COVID-19; Categories; Classification; Code; Communities; Community Surveys; Consensus; County; Data; Databases; Disparity; Disparity population; Electronic cigarette; Empirical Research; Ethnic Origin; Face; Firearms; Foundations; Funding; Geography; Goals; Health; Individual; Industry; Laws; Lead; Licensing; Licensure; Link; Literature; Location; Measures; Minority Groups; National Health Interview Survey; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nutrition Policy; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Persons; Policies; Population; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Research; Rights; Rural; Rural Population; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Smoke; Socioeconomic Status; Source; State Government; Statutes and Laws; Subgroup; Surveys; System; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Translational Research; Vulnerable Populations; Walking; Work; Youth; density; environmental tobacco smoke exposure; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; health disparity; improved; indexing; information processing; low socioeconomic status; multilevel analysis; non-smoker; novel; preempt; public policy on tobacco; racial minority; reduce tobacco use; research data dissemination; rural dwellers; rural setting; smoke-free policy; smoking prevalence; sociodemographics; tobacco control; tobacco products; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY A key Healthy People 2030 Tobacco-Use Objective is to eliminate state preemption of local tobacco control. However, little published research has rigorously quantified the impacts of state preemption of local tobacco control, particularly: 1) across states and over time; 2) across a broad range of tobacco control efforts (e.g., restrictions on advertising, youth access); 3) across a range of key outcomes (e.g., youth and adult tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure [SHSe], tobacco retail); and 4) with regard to potential disproportionate impacts among certain subgroups that face tobacco-related disparities (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, lower socioeconomic status [SES], those in rural settings). As initial evidence providing a basis for this proposal, our RWJF-funded research concluded that state smoke-free air preemption was associated with an increase in adult smoking prevalence and affect counties differently. This proposal will build on this work and advance the literature by filling the aforementioned gaps in the existing research. The long-term goal of this research is to inform policies to reduce tobacco use and related health disparities, as well as to inform policy efforts more broadly, particularly as public health issues, like firearm safety, nutrition policies, and COVID-19 mitigation measures, are increasingly subject to state preemption. Our objective is to advance our understanding of whether—and to what extent—enactment or repeal of state preemption on local tobacco control is associated with disparities in tobacco use, SHSe, and retail (sales, retailer density). Our central hypothesis is that state preemption results in disproportionately high tobacco use, SHSe, and retail in communities with greater racial/ethnic minorities, of lower SES, and/or in rural settings. Our rationale is that, by preempting local tobacco control, state governments deprive localities of a crucial tool for reducing the burden of tobacco in their communities, potentially widening disparities. We will analyze national data from 1999 to 2021 to examine the impacts of enactment or repeal of state preemption of 5 state tobacco preemption (i.e., smoke-free policy, advertising, licensure, youth access, and taxation). Our specific aims are to examine state preemption on tobacco control in relation to changes in: 1) individual-level tobacco use (including e-cigs) in adolescents and adults and nonsmokers' SHSe, and potential disproportionate impacts among certain subgroups of individuals; and 2) sales of tobacco products and tobacco retail density over time, and potential disproportionate impacts among communities representing those facing tobacco-related disparities. We will employ multilevel models and crosswalk/merge (state/local laws, outcomes, sociodemographics) data from various sources at different geographic levels. This study will have high impact, as it will: 1) add to the evidence base regarding state preemption impact on population outcomes and mechanisms of impact; 2) inform efforts to reduce tobacco use and related disparities; and 3) engage key tobacco control and policy experts in research dissemination.

项目概要 《健康人民 2030》烟草使用的一个关键目标是消除国家对地方烟草控制的先发制人。 然而，很少有发表的研究严格量化了国家对当地烟草的先发制人的影响 控制，特别是： 1) 跨州和长期； 2) 广泛的烟草控制工作（例如， 3) 涵盖一系列关键成果（例如青少年和成人烟草）； 使用、二手烟暴露 [SHSe]、烟草零售）；以及 4) 关于潜在的不成比例的影响 面临烟草相关差异的某些亚群体（例如种族/族裔少数群体、较低收入群体）的影响 失业状况 [SES]，农村地区的失业状况）作为为本提案提供基础的初步证据，我们的 RWJF 资助的研究得出结论，州无烟空气优先与吸烟率增加有关 成人吸烟率并对各县产生不同的影响。该提案将以这项工作为基础并推动这一工作。 本研究的长期目标是填补现有研究的空白。 为减少烟草使用和相关健康差异的政策提供信息，并为政策工作提供更多信息 广泛而言，特别是公共卫生问题，例如枪支安全、营养政策和缓解新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 疫情 措施，越来越受到国家先发制人的影响，我们的目标是增进我们对这一问题的理解。 国家对地方烟草控制的先发制人的颁布或废除是否以及在何种程度上与之相关 烟草使用、SHSe 和零售（销售、零售商密度）方面存在差异。我们的中心假设是这种状态。 先发制人导致烟草使用率、SHSe 和社区零售量不成比例地高 我们的理由是，通过抢占当地的地位。 烟草控制，州政府剥夺了地方减少烟草负担的重要工具 我们将分析 1999 年至 2021 年的国家数据，以检验 颁布或废除州先发制人的影响 5 个州烟草先发制人（即无烟政策、 我们的具体目标是审查国家的优先权。 烟草控制与以下方面的变化有关：1) 青少年个人层面的烟草使用（包括电子烟​​）和 成人和非吸烟者的 SHSe，以及对某些个人亚群的潜在不成比例的影响； 2) 烟草制品的销售和烟草零售密度随时间的变化，以及潜在的不成比例的影响 我们将采用多层次模型。 以及人行横道/合并（州/地方法律、结果、社会人口统计）来自不同来源的数据 这项研究将产生很大的影响，因为它将：1）增加有关州的证据基础。 对人口结果和影响机制的先发制人影响；2) 为减少烟草使用的努力提供信息 以及相关的差异；3) 让主要的烟草控制和政策专家参与研究传播。