Mechanisms of multisensory integration in primate auditory cortex

灵长类听觉皮层多感觉整合机制

• 批准号: 7806618
• 负责人: Yoshinao Kajikawa
• 金额: $ 13.14万
• 依托单位: NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-18 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7806618
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Brain; Communication; Disease; Disputes; Effectiveness; Emotions; Face; Functional disorder; Glean; Goals; Human; Institutes; Learning; Methods; Modality; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Neurons; Phase; Physics; Physiological; Physiology; Primates; Process; Schizophrenia; Sensory Process; Source; Staging; Techniques; Training; Translating; Visual; base; cognitive neuroscience; density; multisensory; neurophysiology; neuropsychiatry; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sensory integration; social cognition; theories; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad goal of this proposal is to study the processing of audiovisual (AV) information in communication. This is key to my long term goal of understanding how this contributes to emotion and social cognition. Recent findings dispute the traditional view that cortical sensory processing is isolated within each modality for at least the first several processing stages, suggesting instead that the senses are already merging at the inception of cortical processing. There is also recent evidence that primary cortical integration of sensory input from any source makes instrumental use of the ambient oscillatory activity, omnipresent in the local neuronal ensemble, and that this provides the means for non-auditory inputs to modulate the processing of auditory inputs in primary auditory cortex (A1). Along with their broader implications, these findings have specific import for my project. Coming from a background in physics, molecular biology and cellular neurophysiology, my objective in joining the Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Division at the Nathan Kline Institute was to learn how to study neuronal ensemble physiology using combined local field potential (LFP), multiunit activity (MUA) and current source density (CSD) analysis, and how to translate information gleaned with these techniques to a more direct understanding of homologous brain processes occurring in humans. I also needed grounding in the key conceptual issues pertinent to studying neuronal ensemble oscillations with these and other methods in both animals and humans. My project will focus on AV integration during vocalization processing in A1. I will study activity in A1 while they discriminate changes in the A and V components of conspecific vocalizations. As part of my training, I will participate in regular discussions of theory and technique in human EEG/ERP studies. I have one Specific Aim: To define the physiological mechanisms by which neuronal processing of vocalizations is affected by viewing the "speaker's" face. I will evaluate the hypothesis that vocalization-induced neuronal responses in A1 are amplified by coincident visual input using a novel "oscillatory phase-modulation" mechanism that I will outline in the following section. In evaluating this hypothesis, I will also determine the extent to which AV interactions in A1 conform to the Temporal Contiguity and Inverse Effectiveness Principles of multisensory integration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The findings contribute-to the understanding of the neural bases of communicative and social cognition dysfunctions that are prominent components of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的总体目标是研究通信中视听（AV）信息的处理。这是我了解这如何影响情感和社会认知的长期目标的关键。最近的研究结果对传统观点提出了质疑，即至少在前几个处理阶段，皮层感觉处理在每种模式中是孤立的，相反，这表明感觉在皮层处理开始时就已经融合了。最近还有证据表明，来自任何来源的感觉输入的初级皮层整合都有助于利用局部神经元整体中无处不在的环境振荡活动，并且这为非听觉输入提供了调节听觉输入处理的手段。初级听觉皮层（A1）。除了更广泛的影响之外，这些发现对我的项目也具有特殊的重要性。我拥有物理学、分子生物学和细胞神经生理学背景，加入内森克莱恩研究所认知神经科学和精神分裂症部门的目的是学习如何使用组合局部场电位 (LFP)、多单位活动 (MUA) 来研究神经元整体生理学）和电流源密度（CSD）分析，以及如何将这些技术收集的信息转化为对人类发生的同源大脑过程的更直接的理解。我还需要奠定与使用这些方法和其他方法研究动物和人类神经元整体振荡相关的关键概念问题的基础。我的项目将重点关注 A1 发声处理期间的 AV 集成。我将研究 A1 的活动，同时他们区分同种发声的 A 和 V 成分的变化。作为培训的一部分，我将参加人类脑电图/ERP 研究理论和技术的定期讨论。我有一个具体目标：定义通过观察“说话者”的面部来影响发声神经元处理的生理机制。我将评估这样一个假设，即 A1 中发声诱导的神经元反应是通过使用一种新颖的“振荡相位调制”机制通过一致的视觉输入而放大的，我将在下一节中概述该机制。在评估这个假设时，我还将确定 A1 中的 AV 交互在多大程度上符合多感觉整合的时间连续性和逆有效性原则。 公共卫生相关性这些发现有助于理解沟通和社会认知功能障碍的神经基础，这些功能障碍是自闭症和精神分裂症等神经精神疾病的重要组成部分。