Mechanical Engineering

机械工业

基本信息

批准号：
7667369
负责人：
SERGEI YAKUSHIN
金额：
$ 9.48万
依托单位：
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-08-15 至 2012-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7667369
关键词：
3-Dimensional Acceleration Animals Attitude Back Beds Biological Blood Pressure Centrifugation Collaborations Computers Devices Dystonia Emergency Situation Engineering Equipment Eye Movements Food Aversion Force of Gravity Fostering Funding Goals Grant Head Head Movements Heart Rate Human Humidity Individual Lasers Locomotion Maintenance Manufacturer Name Measures Mechanics Modification Molecular Monkeys Motion Sickness Motor Mus Muscle Nerve Patients Physiological Positioning Attribute Primates Reflex action Relative (related person)Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Rewards Rotation Running Safety Services Side Sledding Slide Support of Research System Temperature Testing Training Visual Walking Water Work college design design and construction medical schools micromanipulator peroneal nerve repaired research study respiratory

项目摘要

Specific Aims: The goals of the Mechanical Engineering (ME) Core are to support research of Investigators across the Core Center by designing and building commercially unavailable parts, devices and machines, and by maintaining the machinery currently in use. The aim is to keep the research at the cutting edge in each field aided by the services of the machinists in the ME Core, and to promote collaborations among the individual Pi's. Over the last grant period, the ME Core has helped develop an infrastructure for research at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Brooklyn College that has facilitated collaboration while enhancing individual research. This has generated new funded projects, as well as new collaborations that will expand the scope of the Core. The ME Core will continue to enhance the infrastructure during the next grant period by providing support for new projects and collaborations, as well as by enhancing work in ongoing projects. This will be accomplished in two Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1: Design and Build Commercially Unavailable Parts and Devices to Broaden the Scope of Research and Foster Collaborations: A. Monkey Single Unit and Locomotion Experiments (Yakushin/Raphan/Cohen): 1. Work with the C/EE Core to develop a training system for monkeys walking on a treadmill in the monkey locomotion experiments, so animals will watch a fixed point in space while they receive a water reward. Mount the screen displaying the targets on the linear treadmill. 2. Design and build (with the C/EE Core) new motor-driven micromanipulators that will be used for single unit studies of gravity-dependent gain adaptation in the monkey, and for unit recording in freely-moving monkeys during locomotion studies. 3. Design and build a device for the Cosmos rotator to measure the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) in monkeys, so the monkey's body can be oscillated with the head fixed or the head can be oscillated with the body fixed. 4. Design and build a primate chair for recording muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve of monkeys in the COSMOS rotator and on the 'linear sled on a rotator' (Linear Sled). B. Mouse Physiological, Neuroanatomic and Molecular Biological Studies (Yakushin/ Holstein/Sealfon/ Margolskee/Max/Bedrich/Cohen/Sclafani/Raphan): 1. Configure the linear sled and rotator for mice. It is currently used for monkeys. Manufacture a new mouse holder that will fit into the mount on the linear sled. 2. Design and build new gimbal devices that will allow centrifugation of mice at varying levels of g at any attitude relative to the axis of rotation and the centripetal linear acceleration. 3. Mount the binocular mouse eye movement system on the device to record eye movements during centrifugation. 4. Manufacture small rotational devices to test mice at Brooklyn College in studies of food aversion following centrifugation in different orientations. C. Human Motion Sickness and Vestibulo-Autonomic Studies (Dai/Cohen/Kaufmann/Raphan/ Straumann): 1. Design and build with the C/EE Core, a new 3-D optokinetic stimulator with new gears and motors for the OVAR enclosure. 2. Develop a new head holder for the OVAR chair so that the head does not move during the rotations. Remount the video cameras that record eye movements. 3. With the C/EE Core, design and build a computer-controlled device to measure the subjective visual vertical while stationary and during OVAR. 4. Mount humidity and temperature controls in the OVAR enclosure and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory devices on the OVAR chair. 5. Design and construct a bed for the Circular Treadmill to place subjects on their sides to habituate their vertical aVOR. D. Human Locomotion Studies (Raphan/Cohen/Cho/Smouha/Olanow): 1. Design and build a mechanism for raising the back of the linear treadmill to study walking downhill. 2. Design and build a gimbaled positioning mechanisms for a laser pointer so that head movements can be directed automatically and tested in patients with dystonia. 3. Design and build a harness on a sliding support on the ceiling to study climbing and descending a staircase. Specific Aim 2: Maintain and repair mechanical equipment: Vestibular research is heavily dependent on a wide variety of mechanical and electromechanical devices. In many instances, maintenance by the original manufacturers is not available but safety is essential. Therefore: 1. Regularly inspect, maintain and, if necessary, replace hoses in the hydraulic system that tilt the OVAR chair used in motion sickness studies. Also, regularly maintain motors that run the linear and circular treadmills. 2. Do emergency repair, small modifications, and routine maintenance of commercial machines, since using outside mechanics, is not only costly but generally not possible

具体目标：机械工程 (ME) 核心的目标是支持研究人员的研究通过设计和建造商业上不可用的零件、设备和机器来跨越核心中心，以及通过维护当前使用的机器。目的是使研究保持在各个领域的前沿在 ME Core 中机械师的服务的帮助下，并促进个人之间的协作皮的。在上一个资助期内，ME 核心帮助开发了西奈山的研究基础设施医学院和布鲁克林学院在加强个人研究的同时促进了合作。这产生了新的资助项目以及将扩大核心范围的新合作。 ME 核心将在下一个资助期内继续增强基础设施，为新项目和合作，以及加强正在进行的项目的工作。这将实现两个具体目标。具体目标 1：设计和制造无法商用的零件和设备，以扩大应用范围研究和促进合作： A. 猴子单一单位和运动实验 (Yakushin/Raphan/Cohen)： 1. 与 C/EE 合作在猴子运动实验中，核心开发了猴子在跑步机上行走的训练系统，因此，动物在获得水奖励时会观察太空中的固定点。安装显示屏幕线性跑步机上的目标。 2. 设计和构建（使用 C/EE 核心）新型电机驱动微操作器将用于猴子重力依赖性增益适应的单单元研究，以及单元在运动研究期间记录自由移动的猴子。 3. 为 Cosmos 设计并构建一个设备旋转器测量猴子的颈眼反射（COR），因此猴子的身体可以随着头部固定或头部可在身体固定的情况下摆动。 4. 设计并建造一把灵长类椅子记录 COSMOS 中猴子腓神经的肌肉交感神经活动 (MSNA) 旋转器和“旋转器上的线性雪橇”（Linear Sled）。 B. 小鼠生理学、神经解剖学和分子生物学研究（Yakushin/ Holstein/Sealfon/ Margolskee/Max/Bedrich/Cohen/Sclafani/Raphan)： 1. 为小鼠配置线性雪橇和旋转器。这是目前用于猴子。制造一个新的鼠标支架，将其安装到线性雪橇上的安装座中。 2. 设计和构建新的万向节装置，允许在任何姿态下以不同的 g 水平离心小鼠相对于旋转轴和向心线加速度。 3. 安装双目鼠眼设备上的运动系统用于记录离心过程中的眼球运动。 4. 制造小布鲁克林学院使用旋转装置测试小鼠在离心后的食物厌恶研究不同的方向。 C. 人类晕动病和前庭自主神经研究 (Dai/Cohen/Kaufmann/Raphan/ Straumann）：1. 使用 C/EE Core 设计和构建，这是一种具有新齿轮和新功能的新型 3-D 光动刺激器用于 OVAR 外壳的电机。 2. 为OVAR椅开发新型头部固定器，使头部不会在旋转过程中移动。重新安装记录眼球运动的摄像机。 3. 凭借 C/EE 核心，设计并建造一个计算机控制的设备来测量静止和静止时的主观视觉垂直度在 OVAR 期间。 4. 在 OVAR 外壳中安装湿度和温度控制器以及血压、心脏率和 OVAR 椅上的呼吸装置。 5. 设计并建造圆形跑步机的床身将受试者侧卧以习惯其垂直方向。 D. 人体运动研究 (Raphan/Cohen/Cho/Smouha/Olanow)： 1. 设计和构建一个机制用于抬高线性跑步机的后部以研究下坡行走。 2. 设计和构建万向定位激光指示器的机制，以便可以自动引导头部运动并在患者身上进行测试患有肌张力障碍。 3. 在天花板上的滑动支架上设计并制作安全带，以研究攀爬和攀爬走下楼梯。具体目标 2：维护和修理机械设备：前庭研究在很大程度上依赖于各种机械和机电设备。在许多情况下，由原始设备进行维护无法找到制造商，但安全至关重要。因此： 1. 定期检查、维护，如果必要时，更换用于晕动病研究的 OVAR 椅倾斜液压系统中的软管。此外，定期维护运行线性和圆形跑步机的电机。 2.做紧急抢修，小由于使用外部机械师，商业机器的修改和日常维护不仅成本高昂但通常不可能