Mali International Center for Excellence in Research: Malaria Research

马里国际卓越研究中心：疟疾研究

• 批准号: 7732710
• 负责人: Thomas E Wellems
• 金额: $ 139.07万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7732710
• 关键词: Affect; Africa; African; Anopheles gambiae; Anti-malarial drug resistance; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Chloroguanide; Chloroquine resistance; Code; Collaborations; Culicidae; Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Ecology; Epidemiology; Erythrocytes; Europe; Evaluation; Faculty; Fansidar; Fetal Hemoglobin; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Hemoglobin; Human; Hygiene; Immunology; Laboratories; Leishmaniasis; London; Malaria; Mali; Medical Entomology; Methodology; Modeling; Molecular Biology; Molecular Probes; Mutation; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Oral Medicine; Parasites; Partner in relationship; Pathology; Pharmacy facility; Phlebotominae; Physiological; Predisposition; Purpose; Pyrimethamine; Research; Research Training; Role; Schools; Science; Scientist; Site; Technology; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Tropical Medicine; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Work; base; design; international center; male; medical schools; programs; rapid detection; vector

The Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR) in cooperation with scientists at the National School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology (FMPOS) of Mali conducts research at the Malaria Research and Training Center on the campus of the National School of Medicine of Mali and at the Faculty of Science and Technology in Bamako. The goals of these research programs are several. The primary goal is to develop and sustain a center of research excellance in Africa where the work is planned, directed and executed in close collaboration with African scientists. This goal has been essentially achieved and the MRTC is viewed as a model for research centers in developing countries. A training program for MRTC staff continues to provide much needed expertise in all areas of biology tropical medicine, medical entomology and epidemiology with emphasis on molecular biology and immunology. Since its establishment in 1989, the NIAID has facilitated the graduate training of Malian staff at universities in the US and Europe. The LMVR program has research with Malian doctorates who have received additional PhD degrees at Tulane University (3), The University of Notre Dame (2), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (1) and Oxford University (1). Several staff have received doctorates from the University of Bamako in cooperation and training from collaborators from the NIH and several US Universities. Studies at the MRTC are focused on two main areas of emphasis; 1) The evaluation of and application of molecular probes developed in the LMVR which use PCR-based methodologies to detect the presence of genes in malaria parasites coding for resistance to anti-malarial drugs. Tests are now in place for the rapid detection of parasites resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, proguanil and Fansidar. 2) Studies in Kangaba-Kela have focused on the role of various hemoglobin mutations in the human erythrocyte including Hemoglobins F, S and C in affecting the pathology of the disease. Studies in Kenieroba region are attempting to determine genetic and immunological predisposition to severe and complicated malaria. The LMVR program on Leishmaniasis and its sandfly vectors is designed to describe the essentially unexamined epidemiology of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mali. Based at the MRTC and various field sites, this program has examined the epidemiology of the diseseas and the ecology of the sandfly vector. The LMVR has expanded its research program on the ecology of anopheline malaria vectors in Mali with emphasis on the determination of physiological and behavioral factors which impact on the genetic isolation of the various chromosomal forms of the more important vectors. Mating behavior and swarming of male mosquitoes is being examined as a pre-zygotic mechanism for genetic isolation of various forms of Anopheles gambiae in Mali

疟疾和媒介研究实验室（LMVR）与马里国立医学、药学和口腔医学学院（FMPOS）的科学家合作，在马里国立医学院校园内的疟疾研究和培训中心开展研究马里和巴马科科学技术学院。这些研究计划的目标有几个。主要目标是在非洲发展和维持一个卓越的研究中心，该中心的工作是与非洲科学家密切合作规划、指导和执行的。这一目标已基本实现，MRTC 被视为发展中国家研究中心的典范。 MRTC 工作人员的培训计划继续提供生物学热带医学、医学昆虫学和流行病学所有领域急需的专业知识，重点是分子生物学和免疫学。自 1989 年成立以来，NIAID 一直致力于促进马里工作人员在美国和欧洲大学的研究生培训。 LMVR 项目与马里博士进行研究，他们在杜兰大学 (3)、圣母大学 (2)、伦敦卫生与热带医学学院 (1) 和牛津大学 (1) 获得了额外的博士学位。几名工作人员在美国国立卫生研究院和几所美国大学的合作者的合作和培训下获得了巴马科大学的博士学位。 MRTC 的研究主要集中在两个重点领域： 1) LMVR 中开发的分子探针的评估和应用，该探针使用基于 PCR 的方法来检测疟疾寄生虫中编码抗疟疾药物抗性的基因的存在。目前正在进行快速检测对氯喹、乙胺嘧啶、氯胍和 Fansidar 具有抗药性的寄生虫的测试。 2) Kangaba-Kela 的研究重点关注人类红细胞中各种血红蛋白突变（包括血红蛋白 F、S 和 C）在影响疾病病理学方面的作用。凯尼罗巴地区的研究正试图确定严重和复杂疟疾的遗传和免疫倾向。 关于利什曼病及其白蛉媒介的 LMVR 计划旨在描述马里皮肤利什曼病基本上未经审查的流行病学。该项目以 MRTC 和各个现场为基地，研究了疾病的流行病学和白蛉媒介的生态学。 LMVR 扩大了马里按疟疾媒介生态学的研究计划，重点是确定影响更重要媒介的各种染色体形式的遗传分离的生理和行为因素。正在研究雄性蚊子的交配行为和成群结队，作为马里各种形式冈比亚按蚊基因分离的合子前机制