Oxytocin and Brain Reward and Stress Responses to Infant Cues in Addicted Mothers

催产素和大脑奖励以及成瘾母亲对婴儿暗示的压力反应

基本信息

批准号：
9279294
负责人：
LINDA Carol MAYES
金额：
$ 1.42万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-15 至 2021-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9279294
关键词：
Adult Affect Amygdaloid structure Area Behavior Brain Brain imaging Child Child Abuse and Neglect Childhood Chronic stress Classification Code Corpus striatum structure Cross-Over Studies Crossover Design Crying Cues Data Development Developmental Process Distress Dopamine Dorsal Double-Blind Method Drug Addiction Emotional Enrollment Esthesia Face Family Figs - dietary Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Glucocorticoids Goals Grant Habits Health Hypothalamic structure Individual Differences Infant Interview Investigation Knowledge Literature Maternal Behavior Medicine Modeling Mothers Motor output Negative Valence Neurons Neuropeptides Neurosecretory Systems Oxytocin Pathway interactions Peripheral Placebo Control Placebos Play Positive Valence Predisposition Prefrontal Cortex Procedures Process Public Health Randomized Recording of previous events Reporting Research Domain Criteria Rewards Risk-Taking Site Smiling Social Processes Stress Substantia nigra structure System Thalamic structure Trauma Ventral Striatum Ventral Tegmental Area Videotape Visit Woman Work addiction behavioral response biological adaptation to stress brain circuitry brain pathway caregiving cognitive development college drug of abuse experience indexing maternal caregiving neglect novel pediatric trauma response sensory input social treatment strategy

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Maternal drug addiction constitutes a major public health problem for both women and affected children, with long lasting consequences on children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Current treatment strategies tend to focus on the mother and her current addiction, rather than her relationship with her child, and developmental processes that may perpetuate the addiction problems, such as unresolved childhood attachment trauma, neglect, and chronic stress. Unlike mothers who find engaging with their own infant to be a uniquely rewarding experience, mothers with addictions may be less able to respond appropriately to their infant's cues, finding them less intrinsically rewardin or salient, and more stress provoking. Our current study has identified key areas in dopaminergic and oxytocinergic brain pathways that show a diminished functional MRI response when addicted mothers view the faces of their own vs. unknown infants, compared with non- addicted mothers. These areas include the hypothalamus, striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide with decreased peripheral levels seen in addicted mothers, is integrally involved in maternal brain and behavioral responses. When administered intranasally, our pilot data has shown enhanced activation of the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The purpose of this renewal grant is to continue and expand upon our investigation of maternal addiction, by conducting a randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled, crossover study of intranasal oxytocin on maternal brain responses. A new group of 150 mothers from our two current study sites (Baylor College of Medicine and the Yale Child Study Center) will be enrolled (75 with a history of drug addiction and 75 matched control mothers), along with their 4 to 7-month-old infants, to participate in four study visits over a two-month period. During Visit 1, mothers will complete the Adult Attachment Interview to determine their attachment classification and to identify markers of unresolved trauma. At Visit 2, a videotaped free-play assessment of mother-infant interaction (the CARE-Index), and a modified Still Face Procedure, will be conducted to assess the quality of maternal caregiving and synchrony. During the final two study visits, functional MRI will be used to compare maternal brain responses to infant face cues after receiving either intranasal oxytocin or placebo, comparing "own" vs. "unknown" happy and sad faces. We will focus on activation of, and functional connectivity between, the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala, key reward and stress related regions containing oxytocinergic neuronal connections. We will also examine factors that may moderate oxytocin's effect in the brain, including attachment classification, mother-infant synchrony, sensation-seeking or risk-taking behavior, and stress/trauma exposure. This knowledge will contribute significantly to our long-term goal of discovering novel treatment strategies for mothers who suffer from drug dependency and addiction.

描述（由申请人提供）：母亲吸毒成瘾对妇女和受影响的儿童来说都是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对儿童的社交、情感和认知发展产生长期持久的影响。目前的治疗策略往往侧重于母亲及其当前的毒瘾。而不是她与孩子的关系，以及可能使成瘾问题长期存在的发展过程，例如未解决的童年依恋创伤、忽视和长期压力，与那些发现与自己的婴儿相处是一种独特的有益经历的母亲不同，有成瘾的母亲。我们目前的研究发现，当成瘾的母亲观看婴儿的暗示时，多巴胺能和催产素能大脑通路中的关键区域显示出功能性 MRI 反应减弱。与未上瘾的母亲相比，他们自己的婴儿与未知的婴儿的面孔相比，这些区域包括下丘脑、纹状体和腹内侧前额叶皮质（一种催产素）。在成瘾的母亲中观察到的神经肽的外周水平降低，它与母亲的大脑和行为反应密切相关，当鼻内给药时，我们的试验数据显示纹状体、前额皮质和杏仁核的激活增强。通过对来自我们当前两个研究中心的 150 名母亲进行鼻内催产素对母亲大脑反应的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉研究，扩大了我们对母亲成瘾的调查。（贝勒医学院和耶鲁儿童研究中心）将被招募（75 名有吸毒史的人和 75 名匹配的对照母亲）及其 4 至 7 个月大的婴儿，参加为期 1 年的四次研究访问在第 1 次访视期间，母亲将完成成人依恋访谈，以确定其依恋分类并识别未解决的创伤标记。在第 2 次访视中，母亲与婴儿互动的录像自由游戏评估。 CARE-Index）和改良的静止面部程序，将用于评估产妇护理的质量和同步性。在最后两次研究访问期间，将使用功能性 MRI 来比较接受鼻内注射后产妇大脑对婴儿面部线索的反应。催产素或安慰剂，比较“自己的”与“未知的”快乐和悲伤的面孔，我们将重点关注纹状体、前额皮质和杏仁核、关键奖励和压力相关区域的激活和功能连接。我们还将研究可能调节催产素在大脑中的作用的因素，包括依恋分类、母婴同步、寻求感觉或冒险行为以及压力/创伤暴露。长期目标是为患有药物依赖和成瘾的母亲发现新的治疗策略。