Oxytocin and Brain Reward and Stress Responses to Infant Cues in Addicted Mothers

催产素和大脑奖励以及成瘾母亲对婴儿暗示的压力反应

• 批准号: 9257366
• 负责人: LINDA Carol MAYES
• 金额: $ 64.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9257366
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Area; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Chronic stress; Classification; Code; Corpus striatum structure; Cross-Over Studies; Crossover Design; Cues; Data; Depressed mood; Development; Developmental Process; Distress; Dopamine; Dorsal; Double-Blind Method; Drug Addiction; Emotional; Enrollment; Esthesia; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glucocorticoids; Goals; Grant; Habits; Hypothalamic structure; Individual Differences; Infant; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Literature; Maternal Behavior; Medicine; Modeling; Mothers; Motor output; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Neurosecretory Systems; Oxytocin; Pathway interactions; Peripheral; Placebos; Play; Positive Valence; Predisposition; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk-Taking; Site; Smiling; Social Processes; Stress; Substantia nigra structure; System; Trauma; Ventral Striatum; Ventral Tegmental Area; Videotape; Visit; Woman; Work; addiction; behavioral response; biological adaptation to stress; brain circuitry; brain pathway; caregiving; cognitive development; college; drug of abuse; experience; imaging study; indexing; maternal caregiving; neglect; novel; pediatric trauma; public health relevance; response; sensory input; social; trauma exposure; treatment strategy

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Maternal drug addiction constitutes a major public health problem for both women and affected children, with long lasting consequences on children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Current treatment strategies tend to focus on the mother and her current addiction, rather than her relationship with her child, and developmental processes that may perpetuate the addiction problems, such as unresolved childhood attachment trauma, neglect, and chronic stress. Unlike mothers who find engaging with their own infant to be a uniquely rewarding experience, mothers with addictions may be less able to respond appropriately to their infant's cues, finding them less intrinsically rewardin or salient, and more stress provoking. Our current study has identified key areas in dopaminergic and oxytocinergic brain pathways that show a diminished functional MRI response when addicted mothers view the faces of their own vs. unknown infants, compared with non- addicted mothers. These areas include the hypothalamus, striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide with decreased peripheral levels seen in addicted mothers, is integrally involved in maternal brain and behavioral responses. When administered intranasally, our pilot data has shown enhanced activation of the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The purpose of this renewal grant is to continue and expand upon our investigation of maternal addiction, by conducting a randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled, crossover study of intranasal oxytocin on maternal brain responses. A new group of 150 mothers from our two current study sites (Baylor College of Medicine and the Yale Child Study Center) will be enrolled (75 with a history of drug addiction and 75 matched control mothers), along with their 4 to 7-month-old infants, to participate in four study visits over a two-month period. During Visit 1, mothers will complete the Adult Attachment Interview to determine their attachment classification and to identify markers of unresolved trauma. At Visit 2, a videotaped free-play assessment of mother-infant interaction (the CARE-Index), and a modified Still Face Procedure, will be conducted to assess the quality of maternal caregiving and synchrony. During the final two study visits, functional MRI will be used to compare maternal brain responses to infant face cues after receiving either intranasal oxytocin or placebo, comparing "own" vs. "unknown" happy and sad faces. We will focus on activation of, and functional connectivity between, the striatum, prefrontal cortex and amygdala, key reward and stress related regions containing oxytocinergic neuronal connections. We will also examine factors that may moderate oxytocin's effect in the brain, including attachment classification, mother-infant synchrony, sensation-seeking or risk-taking behavior, and stress/trauma exposure. This knowledge will contribute significantly to our long-term goal of discovering novel treatment strategies for mothers who suffer from drug dependency and addiction.

 描述（由适用提供）：孕妇吸毒构成对妇女和受影响儿童的主要公共卫生问题，对儿童的社会，情感和认知发展产生了持久的后果。当前的治疗策略倾向于关注母亲和目前的成瘾，而不是与孩子的关系，以及可能使成瘾问题永久存在的发展过程，例如未解决的儿童依恋创伤，忽视和慢性压力。与发现与自己的婴儿互动的母亲不同，成瘾的母亲可能不太能够对婴儿的提示做出适当的反应，发现他们本质上又有奖励或显着的奖励，而更多的压力令人发指。我们当前的研究已经确定了多巴胺能和催产型脑途径的关键领域，与未成熟的母亲相比，添加母亲的面孔与未知婴儿的面孔相比，其功能性MRI反应降低。这些区域包括下丘脑，纹状体和腹侧前额叶皮层。催产素是一种在添加剂母亲中看到的神经肽的神经肽，它与物物大脑和行为反应积聚。当鼻内施用时，我们的试验数据显示出纹状体，前额叶皮层和杏仁核的激活增强。这种更新赠款的目的是通过对母体脑反应进行鼻内氧气的随机，双盲，安慰剂对照，跨界研究，继续对孕产妇添加的研究进行扩展和扩展。将招募来自我们两个目前研究地点（贝勒医学院和耶鲁儿童研究中心）的150个母亲组成的新小组（75名有吸毒史和75个匹配的对照母亲），以及他们的4至7个月大的婴儿，在两个月的时间内参加四次研究探访。在访问1期间，母亲将完成成人依恋访谈，以确定其依恋分类并确定未解决的创伤标记。在访问2上，将对母亲互动（Care-Index）进行录像的自由游戏评估，并将进行修改的静止面孔程序，以评估孕产妇护理和同步的质量。在最后两次研究访问中，功能性MRI还将在接受鼻内氧加毒素或安慰剂后与婴儿面孔提示的主要大脑反应进行比较，并比较“自己”与“未知”的快乐和悲伤的面孔。我们将专注于纹状体，前额叶皮层和杏仁核之间的激活和功能连通性，关键奖励和应激相关区域，这些区域含有氧加毒素能神经元连接。我们还将研究可能中度适中氧加毒素在大脑中的作用的因素，包括依恋分类，母亲同步，寻求感觉或冒险行为以及压力/创伤暴露。这些知识将极大地促进我们为患有药物依赖和成瘾的母亲发现新颖的治疗策略的长期目标。