Neurological mechanisms in Emotional Processes of Psychopathy

精神病情绪过程的神经机制

• 批准号: 8104789
• 负责人: JEAN DECETY
• 金额: $ 41.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-11 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8104789
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Anisotropy; Anterior; Area; Attention; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Cardiac; Chronic; Clinical; Clip; Cognitive; Communities; Conceptions; Corpus striatum structure; Crime; Data; Deceleration; Depressed mood; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dimensions; Disease; Dissociation; Distress; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Empathy; Exhibits; Face; Faculty; Feeling; Film; Financial compensation; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Hares; Heart Rate; Imprisonment; Individual; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Names; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neurologic; Pain; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Personality Disorders; Persons; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Prisons; Process; Psychopath; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Scanning; Severities; Site; Social Psychology; Social Welfare; Societies; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Symptoms; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Treatment Protocols; affective neuroscience; anti social; behavior measurement; cingulate cortex; cognitive neuroscience; cost; density; design; effective therapy; emotion regulation; emotional stimulus; experience; gray matter; information processing; injured; insight; interest; midbrain central gray substance; neural circuit; neuroimaging; offender; psychologic; psychopathic personality; relating to nervous system; response; social; social cognition; theories; treatment strategy; violent offender; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The study of empathy at a neurological level has provided insight into the component processes that enable us to share each other's emotions, resonate with a person in need, and act in ways that benefit the other before the self. Individuals who act with blatant disregard for the well-being of others and behave as if they do not experience empathy are often characterized as psychopaths. Compared to other psychiatric disorders, little is known about the neurocognitive systems implicated in psychopathy, and there are currently no effective treatment protocols. Attention to the disorder is urgent: psychopathic criminals tend to be recidivistic and violent offenders, and the cost of their crimes to society reaches hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Determination of the nature of empathic deficits in psychopathic individuals will further guide intervention and treatment strategies in the clinical arena. The goal of this project is to explore the neurological mechanisms that underpin the function and dysfunction of the component processes of empathy and implicit emotion processing in 120 incarcerated offenders stratified into low, medium, and high scorers on Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, 1991), along with 40 matched controls from the community. This project utilizes a mobile MRI system, which is brought to prisons to collect functional magnetic resonance imaging, structural and diffusion tensor imaging, autonomic nervous system measurements, and behavioral responses on-site at the correctional facilities. The tasks collected in the scanner will target the subjects' perception and interpretation of pain and emotions in others. Preliminary pilot data indicate that current theories, such as those hypothesizing chronic hypofunctioning of the amygdala or other limbic structures, may not be an accurate representation of actual deficits in psychopathy, since different patterns of activation, including amygdala and striatum activity, are so far seen in the psychopath group in response to our emotional stimuli. As well as shedding light onto the nature of empathy dysfunction within psychopathy, this project will provide a direct assessment for a model of empathy that relies on distributed information processing networks. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in empathy offers important implications for the examination and understanding of individuals with antisocial behavioral disorders, but complementarily, understanding which neural components of empathy are still intact and which differ in populations that are defined by patterns of counter-empathic behavior will help crystallize the understanding of the component processes which contribute to empathic behaviors in healthy adults. This translational project bridges social psychology and cognitive and affective neuroscience to bring to light the neural underpinnings of a costly societal problem at a systems and behavioral level. The findings of this research will expand our knowledge on the processes and mechanisms involved in the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Psychopathy is a personality disorder with considerable negative impact on the welfare of society at large. Recently, interest in understanding and treating the disorder has surged, but without proper access and methods to ascertain the underlying biological and psychological differences behind psychopathy, treatments and interventions may be poorly informed. The proposed translational project investigates the component processes underlying empathy (a core feature of healthy interpersonal sensitivity that is deficient in psychopathy) and implicit emotion processing to examine these core faculties in incarcerated psychopaths, using magnetic resonance imaging. It marks the beginning of a systematic and empirical course of study designed to pinpoint the nature of empathic deficits in psychopathy such that directed targets for intervention and therapy can be effectively designed and implemented.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经学层面上的同理心的研究提供了对组件过程的见解，使我们能够分享彼此的情绪，与有需要的人产生共鸣，并以使对方受益于自我面前的方式。公然行事的人无视他人的福祉，表现得好像没有经历同理心通常被描述为精神病患者。与其他精神疾病相比，人们对与精神病有关的神经认知系统知之甚少，目前尚无有效的治疗方案。对这种疾病的关注是紧迫的：精神病犯罪分子往往是累犯和暴力罪犯，其犯罪成本每年达到数千亿美元。确定精神病患者的移情缺陷性质将进一步指导临床领域的干预和治疗策略。该项目的目的是探索在120名被分层为低，中，中和高分的被监禁的罪犯中的移情过程和内隐情感处理的功能和功能障碍的神经系统机制，以及与40个相匹配的对照组相匹配的Hare精神病列表核心检查列表的低分，中等和高分（PCL-R，1991年）。该项目利用了一个移动MRI系统，该系统被带到监狱来收集功能性磁共振成像，结构和扩散张量成像，自主神经神经系统测量以及矫正设施的现场行为反应。扫描仪中收集的任务将针对受试者对他人痛苦和情绪的看法和解释。初步试验数据表明，当前的理论，例如假设的杏仁核或其他边缘结构的慢性慢性功能低功能可能并不是精神病中实际缺陷的准确表示，因为不同的激活模式，包括杏仁核和纹状体活性在内的不同模式，在精神病小组中都表现出我们的精神病的响应，这是在精神病组中所见的。除了对精神病中移情功能障碍的性质发光外，该项目还将为依赖分布式信息处理网络的同理心模型提供直接评估。更好地了解与移情所涉及的机制有关对反社会行为障碍患者的检查和理解的重要意义，但是在互补的角度来看，了解哪种移情的神经成分仍然完好无损，并且在人群中的差异以及哪些是由相反行为的模式定义的，这些模式将有助于对组成部分的理解，从而有助于对成年人的健康促进成人的理解，从而使成人健康造成健康的影响。这个翻译项目桥接社会心理学以及认知和情感神经科学，以揭示系统和行为层面上昂贵的社会问题的神经基础。这项研究的发现将扩大我们对情感经验，表达和调节过程中涉及的过程和机制的了解。 公共卫生相关性：精神病是一种人格障碍，对整个社会的福利产生了很大的负面影响。最近，对理解和治疗这种疾病的兴趣激增了，但是没有适当的访问和方法来确定精神病，治疗和干预措施背后的基本生物学和心理差异。拟议的翻译项目研究了同理心的组成过程（在精神病中缺乏健康的人际敏感性的核心特征）和隐式情绪处理，以使用磁共振成像来检查被监禁的精神病患者中的这些核心教师。它标志着一个系统和经验的研究课程的开始，旨在指出精神病中移情缺陷的性质，以便可以有效地设计和实施干预和治疗的指示靶标。