Electrophysiology of Linguistic Processing

语言处理的电生理学

• 批准号: 8109849
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 54.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8109849
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Cereals; Cerebral hemisphere; Code; Cognitive; Comprehension; Data; Electrodes; Electroencephalogram; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Frequencies; Human; Individual; Instruction; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Life; Light; Linguistics; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Neurosciences; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Probability; Process; Questionnaires; Reading; Reporting; Role; Scalp structure; Semantics; Series; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Walking; base; brain electrical activity; experience; indexing; language processing; lexical; mental representation; news; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose a series of studies aimed at better understanding how people come to make sense of language input. We use scalp-recorded event related brain potentials or ERPs (such as the N400 component) because (1) language is a human brain function, (2) ERPs are a direct measure of electrical brain activity, offering a non-invasive look at the activity by which neurons communicate within and between the two hemispheres of the brain; (3) the size, timing, and topography of average ERPs elicited by language stimuli track factors important for comprehension, (4) and ERPs do so continuously and virtually instantaneously as neural and cognitive processes unfold moment by moment. N400 amplitude is a sensitive index of the processing that occurs in real-time as different knowledge sources converge in language comprehension. We and others have shown that language processing relies heavily on both knowledge of language and knowledge of our experiences with the world. But what world knowledge, and how and when does its organization affect online language processing? Several neuroscience models have converged on mental representations of events (including who, what, where, when, how, why) as key to organizing perception, memory, and action. We propose to investigate specific hypotheses and assumptions about events in language processing - i.e., that event knowledge plays a critical role in the incremental and dynamic construction of meaning. We propose three series of experiments using questionnaire norming, reading times (a canonical measure of language processing), and ERP and EEG frequency measures to test the role(s) of events - event-structures and sequences - in real-time language comprehension. We will compare the ERP patterns during comprehension with reading times for several critical experiments and conduct visual half field versions to assess the contributions of each cerebral hemisphere to normal language processing. The 1st set of experiments tests the hypothesis that event knowledge distinct from word-level relations contributes to incremental processing in sentence understanding. To the extent that events are an important organizing principle of human knowledge, we would expect to see incremental impacts of their sequential and temporal structures on language comprehension; we test this hypothesis in the 2nd series of studies. In the 3rd series of studies, we revisit some of these issues with frequency-based (instead of time- based) EEG measures, under the assumption that there is much processing related information in different frequencies only some of which are revealed in conventional ERP signals that are phase-locked to language input. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We all use language routinely for multiple purposes - to communicate, to learn, to persuade - some more effectively than others. Yet, we still have embarrassingly little idea of just how our brains use what we know and see to "comprehend" language. Deciphering the brain's code for language processing will have untold benefits to normal and abnormal language users in all walks of life - be they taking part in conversations, delivering speeches, making demands, taking vows, offering instruction, conveying facts, reporting news, selling products, selling ideas, or just listening and reading.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提出了一系列研究，旨在更好地了解人们如何理解语言意义。我们使用与头皮录制事件相关的大脑电位或ERP（例如N400组件），因为（1）语言是人的大脑功能，（2）ERP是对电脑活动的直接衡量，可无创的神经元内和之间在大脑的两半角度之间进行传播的活性； （3）语言刺激轨迹因素引起的平均ERP的大小，时序和地形对于理解很重要，（4）和ERP会随着神经和认知过程的瞬间不断地而瞬间地进行，并且瞬间地逐步展开了时刻。 N400振幅是该处理的敏感索引，随着不同知识源在语言理解中融合时，它是实时发生的。我们和其他人表明，语言处理在很大程度上依赖于对我们在世界上的经历的知识和知识。但是，哪些世界知识以及组织如何以及何时影响在线语言处理？几种神经科学模型已融合了事件的心理表示（包括谁，何时，何时，何时，如何，为什么），作为组织感知，记忆和行动的关键。我们建议研究有关语言处理中事件的特定假设和假设 - 即，事件知识在含义的渐进和动态结构中起着至关重要的作用。我们建议使用问卷规范，阅读时间（语言处理的规范度量）以及ERP和EEG频率度量来测试事件 - 事件结构和序列的作用 - 实时语言理解中的角色。我们将在理解过程中将ERP模式与几个关键实验的阅读时间进行比较，并进行视觉半场版本，以评估每个脑半球对正常语言处理的贡献。第一组实验检验了以下假设：事件知识与单词级别关系不同的事件知识有助于句子理解中的逐步处理。在某种程度上，事件是人类知识的重要组织原则，我们希望看到其顺序和时间结构对语言理解的增量影响；我们在第二系列研究中检验了这一假设。在第三系列研究中，我们在假设不同频率中有很多相关的信息仅在传统的ERP信号中揭示了与语言输入相相位的传统ERP信号中揭示的一些相关信息。 公共卫生相关性：我们所有人通常将语言用于多种目的 - 与其他语言进行交流，学习，说服 - 比其他语言更有效。但是，我们仍然对我们的大脑如何利用我们所知道的并看到“理解”语言的想法几乎没有令人尴尬的想法。在各行各业的生活中，解读大脑的语言处理代码将对普通和异常语言用户带来无数的好处 - 无论他们参加对话，发表演讲，提出要求，宣誓，提供指导，传达事实，报告新闻，报告新闻，报告新闻，出售产品，出售产品，出售想法和聆听和阅读和阅读。