The role of alpha-band oscillations in feature-based selective attention.

α带振荡在基于特征的选择性注意中的作用。

• 批准号: 7913692
• 负责人: Adam Christopher Snyder
• 金额: $ 2.75万
• 依托单位: CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7913692
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attenuated; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cell physiology; Color; Cues; Disease; Electroencephalogram; Environment; Event; Generations; Goals; Influentials; Laboratories; Location; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motion; Parietal; Participant; Process; Property; Research; Role; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Stimulus; Testing; Thalamic Nuclei; Visuospatial; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; brain electrical activity; extrastriate visual cortex; neurophysiology; operation; public health relevance; selective attention; spatiotemporal; stimulus processing; theories; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): When covertly attending to regions of space where behaviorally relevant information is expected to occur, processing of visual stimuli appearing at those locations is enhanced. Conversely, if a region of space is expected to be a locus of distracting events, processing of stimuli occurring there is attenuated. This latter suppressive process is reflected by retinotopically specific increases of alpha-band (8-15Hz) oscillatory power in the electroencephalogram. Based on the cellular physiology of similar oscillations in animals, it has been proposed that alpha might serve as a functional gating mechanism. Importantly, the network of neural areas that have been found to contribute to the generation of these rhythms, which include frontal, parietal and occipital visual areas and thalamic nuclei are the same areas implicated in several influential theories of attentional operations. Further characterization of the alpha-band measure is needed to determine the extent to which it is epiphenomenal to attentional deployment mechanisms, or rather an endogenous attentional mechanism per se. To date, the alpha-band measure of selective attention has only been characterized with respect to spatial attention. However, attention can also be deployed to non-spatial visual features, such as color or motion parameters, facilitating the processing of subsequent stimuli with the attended feature, independently of its spatial location. The goal of this project is to further characterize the alpha-band attentional measure by testing its spatiotemporal properties in a purely feature-based attention task. To this end, a classic visual spatial selective attention task will be transformed into a purely featural domain. A symbolic cue will inform participants about a task-relevant feature of an upcoming stimulus, while electrical brain activity is recorded at the scalp. The cue and imperative stimuli will be separated by an interval during which no stimulation occurs, the brain activity during which reflects internal preparatory attentional processes. By varying parameters of the cue (such as its informativeness) and imperative stimuli (such as its duration or coherence) contexts will be created for which different attentional sets are advantageous, allowing the assessment of the extent and limits of alpha-band power increases as a mechanism for suppression in biased competition models. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative The ability to bias attention in favor of behaviorally relevant aspects of the environment is critical for good mental health. Disruptions of normal attentional function, and in particular the ability to suppress irrelevant information, has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The contributions of this project to understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying normal attentional suppression will greatly advance research of disorders involving attention. This work dovetails nicely with ongoing research in our laboratory and with collaborators concerning autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）： 当预计会出现与行为相关信息的空间区域的秘密关注时，在这些位置出现的视觉刺激的处理将增强。相反，如果预计空间区域是分散注意力事件的一个轨迹，则处理刺激的处理。后一种抑制过程反映出脑电图中α波段（8-15Hz）振荡能力的视网膜特异性增加。基于动物类似振荡的细胞生理，已经提出α可能是一种功能性门控机制。重要的是，已经发现的神经区域网络有助于这些节奏的产生，其中包括额叶，顶叶和枕叶视觉区域和丘脑核与丘脑核的产生，与几种有影响力的注意操作理论有关。需要进一步表征α波段度量，以确定其表现到注意部署机制的程度，或者是内源性注意机制本身。迄今为止，仅在空间注意力方面表征了选择性注意的α波段测量。但是，注意力也可以部署到非空间视觉特征（例如颜色或运动参数）上，从而促进了随后的特征随后的刺激处理，而与其空间位置无关。该项目的目的是通过在纯粹基于特征的注意任务中测试其时空特性来进一步表征Alpha波段的注意度量。为此，经典的视觉空间选择性关注任务将被转变为纯粹的特色领域。符号提示将告知参与者即将到来的刺激的任务相关特征，而在头皮上记录了电脑活动。提示和命令性刺激将通过不发生刺激的间隔分开，在此期间，大脑活动反映了内部准备的注意力过程。通过不同的提示参数（例如其信息性）和命令性刺激（例如其持续时间或连贯性）上下文，将创建不同的注意集合有利的，从而评估Alpha-Band功率的程度和限制随着Alpha-Band的限制增加，因为在有偏见的竞争模型中抑制的机制。 公共卫生相关性： 项目叙事的能力偏向于环境的行为相关方面对良好的心理健康至关重要。正常注意力功能的破坏，尤其是抑制无关信息的能力，与许多精神疾病有关，例如注意力缺陷障碍，自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症。该项目对理解正常注意抑制的神经生理机制的贡献将大大推动对涉及注意的疾病的研究。这项工作与我们实验室正在进行的研究以及关于自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症的合作者的融资非常吻合。