Micro- and macro-scale cortical dynamics underlying visual attention

视觉注意力背后的微观和宏观皮层动力学

基本信息

批准号：
8644337
负责人：
Adam Christopher Snyder
金额：
$ 5.33万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8644337
关键词：
Animals Area Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Autistic Disorder Award Behavioral Brain Cognitive Complement Contralateral Cues Detection Disease Electrophysiology (science)Equilibrium Eye Foundations Frequencies Future Goals Health Human Image Individual Investigation Knowledge Laboratories Life Link Measures Methodology Methods Modeling Monitor Neurons Outcome Perception Performance Phase Population Postdoctoral Fellow Primates Process Professional Practice Research Research Project Grants Research Subjects Resources Scalp structure Schizophrenia Scientist Signal Transduction Source Stimulus Structure Surface Synaptic Potentials System Task Performances Techniques Therapeutic Intervention Time Training Unit of Measure Variant Visual Visual Perception Visual attention Visual system structure base brain computer interface career design electrical potential electrical property gaze imaging modality improved innovation interest nonhuman primate operation parallel processing public health relevance relating to nervous system research study selective attention stimulus processing

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual world contains more information than the brain can process. Fortunately, we have some ability to influence which sources of information receive processing priority through the mechanism of selective attention, and this ability is critical for daily life. Attention involves coordination across the brain at a global level to contol the balance of processing resources in functionally-specialized brain areas operating at a local level. To date, however, laboratory techniques for investigating the neural bases of attention, such as human scalp EEG and single-unit recordings in primates, have been sensitive to only one of these two levels of operation at a time. The goal of this research project is to combine these two methods in a single comprehensive investigation to characterize how these two levels of brain function, the global and the local, interact during control of selective attention. We hav developed a carefully titrated research strategy that will achieve this overarching goal through three systematic and specific aims. We will begin by establishing baseline measures of the links between correlated variability in small populations of neurons and EEG signals measured at the scalp, both in the spontaneous brain state as well as during basic visual perception. We will then add a layer of complexity by introducing an endogenous selective attention task, enabling us to expand our scope beyond low-level perception to higher-level cognitive processes. Finally, with an eye for potential applications of the knowledge gained from the preceding two aims, we will monitor attention signals with a 'closed-loop' system. This will enable us to monitor the animals' natural attentional fluctuations in order to present stimuli in a contextually optimal fashion. Such a 'brain-state-contingent' system would have clear advantages across a wide range of applications. Since this is a training award, another major goal of this project is the training of Dr. Adam C. Snyder, a promising postdoctoral fellow, in the techniques required for single-unit electrophysiology in non-human primates, as well as the professional practices that will be needed throughout what will undoubtedly be his long and productive career as an independent scientist. At the end of this project, Dr. Snyder will have received first-rate trainin in the practices of primate electrophysiology, which will complement his established and proven expertise in human EEG methods, strengthening his foundation as an innovative and successful neuroscientist. From a scientific perspective, we will have developed a model of attention control that spans local and global levels of brain function. This advancement will not only benefit attention research itself, but will provide a framework for future investigations of other brain processes that similarly operate across a range of spatial scales. An understanding of the functioning of attention in health individuals is essential to guide potential therapeutic interventions in disorders involving deficits in attention, including autism, schizophrenia and attention deficit disorder.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉世界包含的信息比大脑可以处理的更多信息。幸运的是，我们有一些能够影响哪些信息来源通过选择性注意的机制来获得处理优先级，而这种能力对于日常生活至关重要。注意力涉及在全球层面上跨大脑的协调，以遏制在功能专业的大脑区域的处理资源平衡。然而，迄今为止，用于研究注意力基础的实验室技术，例如人类头皮脑电图和灵长类动物中的单单元记录，一次对这两个级别的操作中的一种仅敏感。该研究项目的目的是将这两种方法结合在单个综合研究中，以表征这两个级别的大脑功能，全球和局部，在选择性注意力的控制过程中如何相互作用。我们已经制定了一项精心滴定的研究策略，该策略将通过三个系统和具体的目标来实现这一总体目标。我们将首先建立基线测量的基线测量，即在自发的脑状态下以及基本视觉感知期间在头皮上测得的小群体中相关变异性和脑电图信号之间的相关性变异性之间的联系。然后，我们将通过引入内源性选择性注意任务来添加一层复杂性，从而使我们能够将范围扩展到低级感知之外，从而将其扩展到更高级别的认知过程。最后，为了关注从前面两个目标中获得的知识的潜在应用，我们将通过“闭环”系统监视注意力信号。这将使我们能够监视动物的自然注意力波动，以便以上下文最佳的方式提出刺激。这样的“脑状态”系统将在广泛的应用中具有明显的优势。由于这是一个培训奖，因此该项目的另一个主要目标是对非人类灵长类动物的单单元电生理学所需的技术亚当·史尼德（Adam C.在该项目的结尾，Snyder博士将在灵长类动物生理学的实践中获得一流的Trainin，这将补充他在人类EEG方法方面的既定且可证明的专业知识，从而增强了他作为创新和成功的神经科学家的基础。从科学的角度来看，我们将开发出跨越局部和全球脑功能水平的注意力控制模型。这一进步不仅将使注意力研究本身受益，而且将为未来研究其他大脑过程的研究提供一个框架，这些过程类似地在一系列空间尺度上运作。了解健康个体注意力的功能对于指导涉及注意力缺陷的疾病的潜在治疗干预至关重要，包括自闭症，精神分裂症和注意力不足障碍。