Air Pollution and Preclinical Atherosclerosis in Elementary-School Children

空气污染与小学生的临床前动脉粥样硬化

• 批准号: 7909543
• 负责人: Edward Avol
• 金额: $ 28.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-06 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7909543
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; American; American Heart Association; Area; Atherosclerosis; Birth; Blood Pressure; California; Carbon; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Carotid Arteries; Child; Child health care; Cohort Studies; Communities; Commuting; Development; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Functional disorder; Government; Health; Height; Home environment; Household; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Intervention; Life; Light; Link; Location; Measures; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Particulate Matter; Physical activity; Pollution; Prevention; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Schools; Science; Source; Statistical Models; Study Subject; Sulfur; Thick; Time; Translating; Weight; atherogenesis; base; cardiovascular risk factor; clinically relevant; elementary school; follow-up; innovation; intima media; mortality; non-smoking; particulate pollutant; pollutant; pre-clinical; regional pollution; trafficking; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ambient air pollution correlates with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and is a cause of systemic inflammation. Inflammation is the hallmark of atherosclerosis, which is the primary underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Significant associations between air pollution and subclinical atherosclerosis have been reported in adults, using sonographically measured thickness of the carotid artery wall. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. CIMT gradually increases from birth, is associated with subclinical inflammation in early life, and is a strong determinant of CVD. This project pursues the hypothesis that long-term exposure to local and regional air pollutants from outdoor origin promotes atherogenesis in early life, leading to differences in CIMT in 10-12yr old children. CIMT and covariates will be assessed among 650 children followed up from 13 Southern California communities. Lifetime residents from non-smoking households will be selected from an ongoing cohort study on air pollution and health. On average, children spend more than 80% of their time indoors at home and in school. Thus, exposure assessment will be based on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from outdoor origin measured indoors in the home and school of each child and in selected outdoor locations. A Harvard long-term sampler will collect PM2.s in each location over a period of nine months. Light reflectance of PM2.s serves as a marker of local mobile source emissions and sulfur mass indicates regional PM2.s. Time spent indoors at home and school, in commuting, and in outdoor activities will be assessed by questionnaire. The microenvironmental concentrations and time-activity information will provide the input to derive exposure to local and regional pollution for each child. Associations between CIMT and personal lifetime exposure to local and regional outdoor pollution will be analyzed in multilevel spatial regression models. Relevance: The American Heart Association recommends focusing on prevention of atherosclerosis in children. Inflammatory air pollutants represent ubiquitous exposures, and millions of American children live in areas that exceed current government standards. It is biologically plausible that exposure to local and regional ambient pollutants effects CIMT in children. Small differences in CIMT at a young age translate into clinically relevant CVD later in life - the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S.

描述（由申请人提供）：环境空气污染与心血管死亡率和发病率相关，并且是全身炎症的一个原因。炎症是动脉粥样硬化的标志，而动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的主要病理生理学基础。据报道，通过超声测量颈动脉壁厚度，成人中空气污染与亚临床动脉粥样硬化之间存在显着关联。颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）是亚临床动脉粥样硬化的既定标志。 CIMT 从出生起逐渐增加，与生命早期的亚临床炎症相关，并且是 CVD 的重要决定因素。该项目的假设是，长期暴露于来自室外的当地和区域空气污染物会促进生命早期动脉粥样硬化的形成，从而导致 10-12 岁儿童 CIMT 的差异。 CIMT 和协变量将对来自 13 个南加州社区的 650 名儿童进行随访评估。来自非吸烟家庭的终生居民将从正在进行的空气污染与健康队列研究中选出。平均而言，孩子们 80% 以上的时间是在家里和学校的室内度过的。因此，暴露评估将基于每个孩子的家庭和学校室内以及选定的室外地点测量的室外来源的细颗粒物 (PM2.5)。哈佛大学的长期采样器将在九个月的时间内收集每个地点的 PM2.s。 PM2.s 的光反射率作为当地移动源排放的标志，硫质量指示区域 PM2.s。将通过问卷评估在家和学校的室内、通勤和户外活动中花费的时间。微环境浓度和时间活动信息将为得出每个儿童接触当地和区域污染的情况提供输入。 CIMT 与个人一生暴露于当地和区域室外污染之间的关联将在多级空间回归模型中进行分析。相关性：美国心脏协会建议重点关注儿童动脉粥样硬化的预防。炎性空气污染物的暴露无处不在，数百万美国儿童生活在超出当前政府标准的地区。从生物学角度来看，暴露于当地和区域环境污染物会影响儿童的 CIMT，这在生物学上是合理的。年轻时 CIMT 的微小差异会转化为晚年临床相关的 CVD，这是美国发病和死亡的主要原因。