Air Pollution, Intima-media Thickness, and Lung Function in College Students

大学生空气污染、内膜中层厚度与肺功能

• 批准号: 7288800
• 负责人: Edward Avol
• 金额: $ 70.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7288800
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; American; American Heart Association; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Area; Arterial Fatty Streak; Atherosclerosis; Birth; Blood; Bone Marrow; C-reactive protein; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Carotid Arteries; Cessation of life; Child health care; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic lung disease; Clinical; Code; Cohort Studies; Daily; Databases; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disease; Disease regression; Dose; Dyslipidemias; Environment; Epidemiology; Equation; Exposure to; Government; Growth; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inflammatory Response; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Life Expectancy; Link; Lipids; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Lung; Lung diseases; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Modification; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Nitrogen Dioxide; North America; Organ; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Passive Smoking; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Pneumonia; Pollution; Population; Predisposing Factor; Prevention; Process; Prospective Studies; Protein C; Proteins; Publishing; Reaction; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Residencies; Respiratory System; Respiratory physiology; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Risk; Science; Smoke; Smoking; Standards of Weights and Measures; Statistical Models; Students; Testing; Thick; Time; Tissues; Translating; Universities; Weight; atherogenesis; base; body system; chemokine; clinically relevant; cytokine; interest; intima media; monocyte; mortality; non-smoking; pollutant; prenatal; programs; prospective; research study; residence; respiratory; response; size; university student; uptake; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project pursues the hypothesis that lifetime cumulative exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with sonographically measured carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at age 18-20. CIMT is an established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis - the primary pathogenic process of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CIMT gradually increases from birth to death and is associated with subclinical inflammation at all ages, and is a strong determinant of CVD. Ambient air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and is a cause of pulmonary and systemic inflammation - a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Significant associations between air pollution and CIMT have been reported in adults. Long-term exposure to air pollution also adversely affects lung function (LF) which is a strong predictor of CVD mortality. Both pulmonary and systemic inflammation is an important correlate of poor LF. Poor LF also modifies the distribution and uptake of pollutants in the respiratory tract, leading to higher tissue dose. Given systemic inflammation affecting CIMT, LF and dyslipidemia, low LF, high C-reactive protein (CRP) and high lipids (LDL) these markers will be used to those most susceptible to atherogenic effects of air pollution. CIMT, lifetime residential history, cardio-respiratory covariates, LF, LDL and CRP will be assessed among 800 non-smoking USC College students with lifetime California residencies. Statewide air pollution monitoring information will be assembled to interpolate monthly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen- dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations to each residence across lifetime. Concentrations will be weighted by activity levels and time spent indoors and outdoors to individually derive estimates of lifetime exposure. The association between exposure and CIMT and the interaction with LF, CRP and LDL will be investigated with multivariate regressions, tests for interactions, and structural equation modeling. The American Heart Association recommends focusing on prevention of atherosclerosis in early life. Air pollutants represent ubiquitous inflammatory exposures, and millions of young Americans live in areas that exceed current government standards. Small differences in CIMT and LF at a young age translate into clinically relevant diseases, including CVD - the leading cause of mortality in the U.S.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目提出了这样的假设：终身累积暴露于环境空气污染与18-20岁时超声测量的颈动脉内膜厚度（CIMT）有关。 CIMT是亚临床动脉粥样硬化的既定标记 - 心血管疾病（CVD）的主要致病过程。 CIMT从出生到死亡逐渐增加，并且与所有年龄段的亚临床炎症有关，并且是CVD的强大决定因素。环境空气污染与心血管死亡率和发病率有关，是肺部和全身性炎症的原因 - 动脉粥样硬化的标志。在成人中，空气污染与CIMT之间的显着关联。长期暴露于空气污染还不利影响肺功能（LF），这是CVD死亡率的有力预测指标。肺部和全身性炎症都是LF较差的重要相关性。较差的LF还改变了呼吸道中污染物的分布和吸收，从而导致较高的组织剂量。给定影响CIMT，LF和血脂异常，低LF，高C反应蛋白（CRP）和高脂质（LDL）的全身性炎症，这些标记将用于那些最容易受到空间污染动脉粥样硬化作用的人。 CIMT，终身住宅历史，心脏呼吸协变量，LF，LDL和CRP将在拥有终身加利福尼亚州居住的800名非吸烟的USC大学生中评估。全州空气污染监测信息将组装以插入每月的细颗粒物（PM2.5），氮 - 二氧化氮（NO2）和臭氧（O3）浓度到整个生命周期的每个住所。浓度将由活动水平和在室内和室外花费的时间加权，以单独得出寿命暴露的估计。暴露与CIMT之间的关联以及与LF，CRP和LDL的相互作用将通过多元回归，相互作用的测试以及结构方程建模进行研究。美国心脏协会建议将重点放在早期的预防动脉粥样硬化上。空气污染物代表无处不在的炎症暴露，数以百万计的年轻人生活在超过当前政府标准的地区。年轻时CIMT和LF的微小差异转化为临床相关疾病，包括CVD，这是美国死亡率的主要原因