Multisensory Interactions in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

外侧膝状核的多感觉相互作用

• 批准号: 7797446
• 负责人: Vivien A Casagrande
• 金额: $ 23.01万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7797446
• 关键词: Accidents; Acoustic Stimulation; Age; Area; Arousal; Attention; Auditory; Behavior; Bite; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cerebral cortex; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Decision Making; Detection; Disease; Disputes; Esthesia; Eye; Felis catus; Future; Geniculate body structure; Goals; Head; Hearing; Image; Investigation; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Literature; Macaca; Medial; Modality; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor output; Nature; Neurons; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Output; Paralysed; Pathway interactions; Perception; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Primates; Process; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Retina; Retinal; Role; Sample Size; Scheme; Schizophrenia; Sense Organs; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Tactile; Testing; Textbooks; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; area striata; auditory stimulus; awake; base; coping; effective therapy; follow-up; hearing impairment; impression; information processing; koniocellular; multisensory; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; sample fixation; sensor; sensory cortex; somatosensory; somesthesis; visual information; visual performance; visual receptive field; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of the proposed research is to explore the radical idea that the primary information received by the visual cortex from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is not purely visual but rather visual information that has already been primed by information from other sensory modalities. For more than a century, the predominant view among neuroscientists has been that sensations are built into perceptions in a serial progression. According to this scheme, sensory "relay nuclei" of the thalamus such as the LGN simply provide a passive image of the world as captured by each sense organ to the first order neurons of the corresponding sensory cerebral cortex. Those first order neurons of the cortex add a bit more, the second order neurons still more and the percept is gradually built up through the cortical hierarchy and thereafter reaches multisensory association areas. In this proposal we hypothesize that the primate brain achieves fast and accurate decision-making in part due its ability to focus, right from the beginning, on relevant aspects of inputs from all sense organs without appreciating all the details presented by each sense organ. We propose that the brain compromises detailed representation and analysis of each sensory world for an overall "view" of the world that is versatile, reliable and highly informative to guide behavior. This requires a multimodal modulation of the primary information received by each sensory cortex. We present preliminary evidence to support this view. We argue that several recent reports showing cross-modal modulation of the activity of early cortical neurons also support this hypothesis. In this pilot effort we will explore the existence of (1) passive stimulus mixing (2) exogenous attention driven and (3) endogenous attention driven cross-modal interactions in the LGN and systematically characterize them. Our specific hypothesis is that cross-modal interactions occur in the earliest structures of the sensory pathway such as the LGN in a task dependent manner. In this pilot project, we will investigate whether these auditory-visual interactions are spatiotemporally precise, how the position of the eye relative to the head influences this interaction, and whether the modulation of visual responses is tuned for auditory parameters. Finally, we will explore whether endogenous crossmodal attentional effects can be obtained either for competing, cooperating, or both types of cross-modal cues. If we are able to support our preliminary results and begin to determine how multisensory interactions occur in sensory thalamus we could radically change current views of how information is processed at the earliest stages in the brain. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE When one sense, such as hearing, is lost due to disease, accident, or ageing, we must cope with the remaining senses, but the loss of one sense could impact the remaining senses also. This research will reveal how auditory neurons in the brain influence the performance of visual neurons and, therefore, how hearing loss could impact vision or how inappropriate integration between vision and audition could lead to schizophrenic symptoms. This will lead to more effective therapies.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究的目的是探讨以下思想，即视觉皮层从横向基因核（LGN）接收到的主要信息不是纯粹的视觉信息，而是视觉信息，这些信息已经由其他感觉方式的信息所启示。一个多世纪以来，神经科学家之间的主要观点一直是，在连续发展中的感知中内置了感觉。根据该方案，诸如LGN之类的丘脑的感觉“中继核”简单地提供了每个感觉器官捕获的世界的被动图像，以与相应感觉的脑皮质的一阶神经元捕获。皮质的一阶神经元增加了更多，二阶神经元更多，感知逐渐通过皮质层次结构逐渐建立，此后到达多感官关联区域。在该提案中，我们假设灵长类动物的大脑在一开始就可以将其从一开始就可以集中精力放在所有感觉器官的输入的相关方面，而无需欣赏每个感觉器官提供的所有细节。我们建议大脑损害了每个感官世界的详细表示和分析，以使世界的整体“视图”具有多功能，可靠且高度信息，以指导行为。这需要对每个感觉皮质接收到的主要信息进行多模式调制。我们提供了初步证据来支持这一观点。我们认为，最近的几份报告显示了早期皮质神经元活性的跨模式调节也支持这一假设。在这项飞行员工作中，我们将探讨（1）被动刺激混合（2）外源性注意力驱动的和（3）内源性注意力驱动的LGN驱动的跨模式相互作用并系统地表征它们。我们的具体假设是，跨模式相互作用发生在感觉途径的最早结构中，例如以任务依赖的方式进行LGN。在这个试点项目中，我们将调查这些听觉 - 视觉相互作用是时空的精确性，眼睛相对于头部的位置如何影响这种相互作用，以及视觉响应的调制是否是为听觉参数调整的。最后，我们将探讨是否可以为竞争，合作还是两种类型的跨模式提示获得内源性跨模式的注意效应。如果我们能够支持我们的初步结果，并开始确定在感觉丘脑中如何发生多感官相互作用，我们可以从根本上改变当前视图，以了解大脑中最早的信息如何处理信息。 公共卫生相关性（例如听力）由于疾病，事故或衰老而丧失时，我们必须应对剩余的感官，但是失去一种感觉也可能影响剩余的感官。这项研究将揭示大脑中的听觉神经元如何影响视觉神经元的性能，因此，听力丧失如何影响视力或视力与试听之间的不当整合可能导致精神分裂症。这将导致更有效的疗法。