Integrative Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex

前额皮质的综合功能

• 批准号: 7912583
• 负责人: EARL K MILLER
• 金额: $ 27.19万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7912583
• 关键词: Area; Basal Ganglia; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Brain; Cataloging; Catalogs; Charge; Cognition; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Comprehension; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Disease; Drug Addiction; Electrodes; Employee Strikes; Eye; Funding; Goals; Head; Human; Impulsivity; Individual; Judgment; Lead; Learning; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Parkinson Disease; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psyche structure; Research; Research Personnel; Response to stimulus physiology; Rest; Reversal Learning; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; Upper arm; abstracting; base; classical conditioning; cognitive function; design; experience; flexibility; frontal lobe; insight; motor learning; neurophysiology; neuropsychiatry; oculomotor; programs; relating to nervous system; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ordered thought and behavior rests on the brain's capacity to absorb the structure of experience associated with favorable outcomes, i.e., rules. This allows us to imagine possible goals and provides mental navigation to reach them. These mechanisms are dysfunctional or lost following frontal lobe stroke and in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. They are also co-opted by drugs of addiction. During the last funding period, we used multiple electrodes (up to 50) to compare and contrast brain areas in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe of monkeys, areas critical for goal-directed behavior and implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and drug addiction, while monkeys performed disparate rule-guided behaviors. We now aim to use our lab's expertise in multiple electrode recording and complex behaviors to test major hypotheses of their role in goal-directed rule learning. Our results so far are in line with models suggesting that the basal ganglia is specialized for fast acquisition of simple associations and that it helps train slower acquisition of more elaborate rules in the executive prefrontal cortex: Thus, is critical to know how ubiquitous or rare these effects are. Finding the same pattern for different types of learning would strongly support these hypotheses, while determining its limitations would provide insight into functional specializations. We will record simultaneously from the prefrontal cortex and striatum during different types of stimulus-response (SR) learning, compare SR and stimulus-stimulus learning, and determine the influence of reversal learning, which is known to be prefrontal cortex-dependent. We will also test the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex and striatum are specialized for elaborate versus simple rules, respectively. Our monkeys will switch between applying three different rules, the basic logical operations, AND, OR, and XOR, while we record from the prefrontal and striatum. These rules bridge a critical distinction (linear versus non-linear) yet share a logical relation (one can be built from the other two). This allows head-to-head comparison between rules that have different complexities but have the same formal requirements. Because rule-learning is a fundamental cognitive function, data from this project has the potential to impact on a wide range of human behaviors and disorders and by doing so open a path to drug and behavioral therapies that will alleviate them.

描述（由申请人提供）：有序的思维和行为取决于大脑吸收与有利结果（即规则）相关的经验结构的能力。这使我们能够想象可能的目标，并为实现这些目标提供心理导航。这些机制在额叶中风、精神分裂症和帕金森病中功能失调或丢失。他们还受到成瘾药物的影响。在上一个资助期间，我们使用多个电极（最多 50 个）来比较和对比猴子额叶和颞叶的大脑区域，这些区域对目标导向行为至关重要，并与神经精神疾病和药物成瘾有关，而猴子在不同的规则引导行为。我们现在的目标是利用我们实验室在多电极记录和复杂行为方面的专业知识来测试它们在目标导向规则学习中的作用的主要假设。到目前为止，我们的结果与模型一致，模型表明基底神经节专门用于快速获取简单的关联，并且它有助于训练执行前额叶皮层较慢地获取更复杂的规则：因此，了解这些规则的普遍存在或罕见程度至关重要。效果是。为不同类型的学习找到相同的模式将有力地支持这些假设，同时确定其局限性将提供对功能专业化的洞察。我们将在不同类型的刺激-反应（SR）学习过程中同时记录前额皮质和纹状体，比较SR和刺激-刺激学习，并确定逆转学习的影响，已知逆转学习是前额皮质依赖性的。我们还将检验以下假设：前额皮质和纹状体分别专门用于复杂规则和简单规则。当我们从前额叶和纹状体进行记录时，我们的猴子将在应用三种不同的规则之间切换，即基本逻辑运算“与”、“或”和“异或”。这些规则弥合了关键区别（线性与非线性），但共享逻辑关系（一个可以从其他两个构建）。这允许在具有不同复杂性但具有相同形式要求的规则之间进行直接比较。由于规则学习是一种基本的认知功能，因此该项目的数据有可能对广泛的人类行为和疾病产生影响，从而为缓解这些行为和疾病的药物和行为疗法开辟了道路。