Cortical Circuits for Attention and Decisions

注意力和决策的皮层回路

• 批准号: 8042694
• 负责人: EARL K MILLER
• 金额: $ 36.31万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-11 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8042694
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Data; Decision Making; Dimensions; Disease; Electrodes; Failure; Functional disorder; Implant; Individual; Inferior; Investigation; Judgment; Learning; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Nature; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Technology; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Motion; Work; area V4; cognitive function; design; feeding; frontal lobe; implantation; insight; lateral intraparietal area; neurophysiology; neuropsychiatry; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sensory cortex; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our understanding of cortical function is largely static and modular. A lot has been learned about which cortical areas express different types of information, but how information flows through the cortex is still largely conjecture, indirectly inferred from anatomical connections. Consider two critical cognitive functions: attention and perceptual decisions. Much is known about these functions on a modular level, but where these signals arise, where they flow, and how brain areas interact and collaborate to support them is still largely unknown. To address this, we will train monkeys to make judgments about visual motion and/or color in a task designed to parametrically vary attention and decision factors. We will record neural activity from many electrodes simultaneously implanted in a wide range of areas in the frontal and visual cortex. By comparing temporal dynamics of neural activity, we will test fundamental hypotheses about the nature of how cognitive signals arise and act on different cortical areas. One hypothesis is that both attention and decision-related signals arise from prefrontal cortex and flow to visual cortex. The alternative hypothesis is that top-down attention signals arise in the prefrontal cortex, but perception decisions arise in higher-level visual cortex. We will also determine whether top-down signals act simultaneously on different levels of the cortical hierarchy versus the signals cascading from one area to the next. We will also test whether patterns of signal flow and interactions between cortical areas change with task demands. Testing these hypotheses is critical step to addresses neuropsychiatric disorders. There is increasing evidence that many disorders may be due to dysfunction in connections and interactions between brain areas. This study would be the first large scale test of how interactions between cortical areas support two basic and critical cognitive functions in the normal brain. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will use multiple-electrode technology to record from multiple areas of the cortex while monkeys attend to make decisions about, different stimulus features. Testing these hypotheses is critical step to addressing neuropsychiatric disorders. There is increasing evidence that many disorders may be due to dysfunction in connections and interactions between brain areas. This study would be the first large scale test of how interactions between cortical areas support two basic and critical cognitive functions.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们对皮质功能的理解在很大程度上是静态的和模块化的。关于哪些皮质区域表达不同类型的信息，但信息流过皮质的情况仍然很大程度上是猜想的，这是从解剖学连接中间接推断出来的。考虑两个关键的认知功能：注意力和感知决定。对于这些信号出现，流动的位置以及大脑区域如何相互作用和协作以支持它们的地方，对这些功能的了解众所周知。为了解决这个问题，我们将训练猴子对视觉运动和/或颜色进行判断，以参数为参数的关注和决策因素。我们将记录来自许多电极的神经活动，同时植入额叶和视觉皮层的各个区域。通过比较神经活动的时间动力学，我们将测试有关认知信号如何出现并在不同皮质区域作用的基本假设。一个假设是，注意力和与决策有关的信号均来自前额叶皮层和流向视觉皮层的流动。另一种假设是，前额叶皮层中出现自上而下的注意力信号，但感知决策在高级视觉皮层中产生。我们还将确定自上而下的信号是否同时在不同级别的皮质层次结构上起作用，而不是从一个区域到另一个区域级联的信号。我们还将测试信号流的模式和皮质区域之间的相互作用是否随任务需求而变化。检验这些假设是解决神经精神疾病的关键步骤。越来越多的证据表明，许多疾病可能是由于大脑区域之间的连接和相互作用的功能障碍所致。这项研究将是对皮质区域之间相互作用如何支持正常大脑中两个基本和关键认知功能的第一个大规模检验。 公共卫生相关性：我们将使用多电极技术从皮质的多个区域记录，而猴子参加以做出有关不同刺激特征的决定。检验这些假设是解决神经精神疾病的关键步骤。越来越多的证据表明，许多疾病可能是由于大脑区域之间的连接和相互作用的功能障碍所致。这项研究将是对皮质区域之间相互作用如何支持两个基本和关键认知功能的第一个大规模检验。