Capacity Limitations in the Cortex

皮层的容量限制

基本信息

批准号：
8402411
负责人：
EARL K MILLER
金额：
$ 39.63万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-03-07 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8402411
关键词：
Address Adult Animals Area Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Brain Child Code Cognition Cognition Disorders Cognitive Color Diagnosis Disease Electrodes Electronic Mail Employee Strikes Foundations Human Impaired cognition Individual Intelligence Laboratories Lead Learning Liquid substance Location Macaca Memory Mental disorders Modality Modeling Monkeys Motor Neurobiology Neurons Parietal Lobe Pattern Performance Population Positioning Attribute Prefrontal Cortex Process Property Relative (related person)Research Research Infrastructure Role Schizophrenia Sensory Short-Term Memory Signal Transduction Stimulus Symptoms Technology Telephone Testing Therapeutic Training Visual Visual Cortex Writing area V4 base cognitive function design executive function flexibility improved information processing insight neuromechanism neurophysiology neuropsychiatry public health relevance relating to nervous system research study theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the role of functional circuitry of the most fundamental and striking fact about cognition, its limited capacity (e.g., it is difficult to write an email while talking on the phone). Despite the remarkable power and flexibility of human cognition, the "online" workspace that most cognitive mechanisms depend upon is surprisingly limited, capable of representing only a few items simultaneously. Understanding the neurobiology of capacity limitations is critical because a reduction in capacity has been tied to a host of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and ADHD. In fact, training designed to increase capacity of working memory in children diagnosed with ADHD has been suggested to alleviate symptoms and may be able to improve fluid intelligence. This raises the possibility that therapeutic improvement to one bedrock aspect of cognition could lead to improvements in a wide range of what may prove to be symptomatic, rather than primary, ills, such as attention deficit disorder, poor executive function, etc. However, while capacity limitations are well-studied in humans (it may be the most well-studied cognitive phenomenon), it has never been investigated in the animal brain. Thus, fundamental questions about its neural basis have not yet been addressed. Our laboratory will do so by using a test of capacity limitations in humans and by using our unique approach of recording from many electrodes simultaneously in different areas of the monkey brain. This will allow us to determine the how, where, and why of capacity limitations, such as where it arises in cortical processing, how items are lost from memory after capacity is reached, and why neural coding leads to a capacity limitation. We will test the two major theories of capacity limitations (slot model vs information-load model) and target cortical areas most associated with working memory capacity limitations in humans: the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and mid-level visual cortex (i.e., area V4). By comparing the relative neural latencies for information loss between them, we can determine where capacity limitations arise in cortical processing and whether it is a bottom-up or top-down phenomenon.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目解决了关于认知的最基本和最引人注目的事实的功能电路的作用，其有限的能力（例如，在打电话时很难写电子邮件）。尽管人类认知具有非凡的力量和灵活性，但大多数认知机制所依赖的“在线”工作空间却出人意料地有限，只能同时表示几个项目。了解能力限制的神经生物学至关重要，因为能力的降低与精神分裂症和多动症等许多神经精神疾病有关。事实上，旨在提高被诊断患有多动症的儿童的工作记忆能力的训练已被建议可以减轻症状，并可能提高流体智力。这提出了一种可能性，即对认知的一个基本方面的治疗改善可能会导致一系列可能被证明是症状性而非原发性疾病的改善，例如注意力缺陷障碍、执行功能差等。能力限制在人类中得到了充分研究（这可能是研究得最多的认知现象），但从未在动物大脑中进行过研究。因此，关于其神经基础的基本问题尚未得到解决。我们的实验室将通过对人类能力限制进行测试，并使用我们独特的方法，在猴脑的不同区域同时记录许多电极来实现这一目标。这将使我们能够确定容量限制的方式、地点和原因，例如容量限制在皮质处理中的何处出现，达到容量后项目如何从记忆中丢失，以及为什么神经编码会导致容量限制。我们将测试容量限制的两种主要理论（时隙模型与信息负载模型）以及与人类工作记忆容量限制最相关的目标皮层区域：前额叶皮层、后顶叶皮层和中层视觉皮层（即，区域V4）。通过比较它们之间信息丢失的相对神经延迟，我们可以确定皮层处理中出现容量限制的位置以及它是自下而上还是自上而下的现象。