Multilevel Moderators of Drugs, Violence, Poverty and HIV Among Black Youth and Young Adults Living in Baltimore

居住在巴尔的摩的黑人青少年和年轻人中毒品、暴力、贫困和艾滋病毒的多级调节因素

• 批准号: 9175504
• 负责人: BETH A. REBOUSSIN
• 金额: $ 23.68万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9175504
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adult; African American; Agar; Age; American; Americas; Award; Baltimore; Burn injury; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Childhood; Cities; Cohort Analysis; Communities; Crime; Data; Development; Distal; Distress; Drug usage; Employment; Environment; Event; Exhibits; Family; Fostering; Growth; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Homelessness; Imprisonment; Individual; Joints; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Low income; Marijuana; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Murder; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Police; Policy Maker; Poverty; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recreation; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Role; Series; Services; Social Adjustment; Time; Unemployment; United States; United States National Center for Health Statistics; Violence; Work; Youth; cohort; discrete time; emerging adulthood; experience; high school; illicit drug use; inner city; junior high school; marijuana use; parallel processing; peer; programs; prospective; psychological distress; sex risk; sixth grade; socioeconomics; twelfth grade; violent crime; young adult

Project Summary Blacks disproportionately reside in urban neighborhoods characterized by crime, poverty, drugs and violence. They are more likely to experience prolonged unemployment, be incarcerated, become homeless and have fewer financial resources available to them compared to Whites. They are also more likely to report serious psychological distress. Blacks are eight times more likely to be infected with HIV, accounting for 44% of HIV infections in the United States in 2010. This application is for a competitive renewal of the Progression and Clustering of Marijuana Use in African-American Neighborhoods study (DA032550). Using data from a cohort of Black youth living in Baltimore, we examined the influence of neighborhood environment on marijuana use during adolescence. Our data suggest that despite facing challenges and adversity that the majority of American youth never encounter, many Black youth do not exhibit the risk behaviors shown to be associated with growing up in distressed, urban neighborhoods. There is scant research, however, focused on understanding the process by which Black youth successfully adapt to the challenges faced in these neighborhoods. We aim to fill this gap by conducting a series of new analyses from this cohort to identify factors at multiple ecological levels that moderate the effects of living in a distressed urban neighborhood on risk behavior trajectories during the life course. In our prior award, we focused on adolescence. With this renewal award, we will extend our work to emerging adulthood; a period frequently marked by increased risk- taking and as well as social role transitions than can redirect a trajectory. We will expand our inquiry to include other substances as well as trajectories of violent and sexual risk behavior that often co-occur with drug use. The Specific Aims of this research project are to 1) identify individual and joint trajectories of drug use, violence and sexual risk behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood and estimate the influence of living in a distressed urban neighborhood on these trajectories, 2) identify factors present at multiple ecological levels during adolescence that moderate the effects of living in a distressed urban neighborhood on risk behavior trajectories, 3) estimate the influence of risk behavior trajectories on young adult socioeconomic, mental health, drug, crime and sexual risk outcomes, and 4) assess the impact of social role transitions on risk behavior trajectories and young adult outcomes. This is one of the few studies that follow low-income, urban Blacks from childhood to emerging adulthood. It has the potential to inform both public health interventionists and policy-makers of ways Black youth and young adults living in distressed neighborhoods can be provided with the opportunities, supports and services necessary to promote positive development at a time when drug use is pervasive, violence is on the rise and concentrated poverty continues to grow in America's inner cities.

项目概要 黑人不成比例地居住在以犯罪、贫困、毒品和暴力为特征的城市社区。 他们更有可能经历长期失业、被监禁、无家可归并 与白人相比，他们可获得的财政资源更少。他们也更有可能报告严重的 心理困扰。黑人感染艾滋病毒的可能性是黑人的八倍，占艾滋病毒感染者的 44% 2010 年美国感染病例。此申请用于竞争性更新进展和 非裔美国人社区大麻使用的聚类研究 (DA032550)。使用队列数据 我们研究了居住在巴尔的摩的黑人青年的社区环境对大麻使用的影响 青春期期间。我们的数据表明，尽管面临挑战和逆境，大多数人 美国青年从未遇到过，许多黑人青年没有表现出相关的危险行为 在贫困的城市社区长大。然而，很少有研究关注 了解黑人青年成功适应这些地区面临的挑战的过程 社区。我们的目标是通过对这个队列进行一系列新的分析来填补这一空白，以确定 多个生态层面的因素可以减轻生活在贫困城市社区对人的影响 生命历程中的风险行为轨迹。在我们之前的奖项中，我们关注的是青春期。有了这个 更新奖，我们将把我们的工作扩展到成年初期；一个经常以风险增加为标志的时期 进行社会角色转变可以改变轨迹。我们将扩大调查范围，包括 其他物质以及经常与吸毒同时发生的暴力和性危险行为的轨迹。 该研究项目的具体目标是 1) 确定个体和联合的药物使用轨迹， 从青春期到成年初期的暴力和性危险行为，并估计这些行为的影响 生活在这些轨迹上的贫困城市社区中，2）确定多种生态环境中存在的因素 青春期的水平可以减轻生活在贫困城市社区对风险的影响 行为轨迹，3）估计风险行为轨迹对年轻人社会经济的影响， 心理健康、毒品、犯罪和性风险结果，4) 评估社会角色转变对风险的影响 行为轨迹和年轻人的结果。这是为数不多的追踪低收入城市人口的研究之一 黑人从童年到成年初期。它有可能为公共卫生干预人员提供信息 和政策制定者探讨如何为生活在贫困社区的黑人青年和年轻人提供帮助 在毒品泛滥之际提供促进积极发展所必需的机会、支持和服务 美国内陆城市的使用十分普遍，暴力不断增加，贫困人口集中持续增长。